Platelet 586×10^9/L is a significant increase in bone marrow proliferative tumors, such as true erythrocytosis, primary thrombocythemia, etc., mainly drug therapy. 1. True erythrocytosis: mainly to avoid thrombosis, oral small-dose aspirin long-term prophylaxis, interferon can be used to lower the white blood cells in pregnancy. 2. Primary thrombocythemia: small-dose aspirin, clopidogrel, anagrelide and other antiplatelet drugs to prevent and control thrombosis; hydroxyurea and other bone marrow transplantation drugs or the use of platelet monoculture to reduce platelet count. 3. Primary myelofibrosis: available drugs such as thalidomide, hydroxyurea, melphalan, interferon, active vitamin D3, etc. Splenic infarction with intolerable pain can be removed. Platelet 586×10^9/L is not always myeloproliferative neoplasm, may also be acute infection, should be timely consultation, clear cause, and targeted treatment.