Mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade numerous organs of the body, mainly the lungs, and after timely and effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, it usually does not affect the life expectancy of the patient. Tuberculosis is a chronic wasting disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can invade the body’s lungs, digestive tract, and bones, with the main site of invasion being the lungs. With the continuous progress and development of detection and treatment of tuberculosis, most patients can be detected at an early stage, and after effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, they can be cured and live as long as a normal person. In a very small number of patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can severely damage lung tissue, digestive tract or bone tissue, which may cause other complications and reduce the quality of life of patients, and may even endanger their lives. TB is an infectious disease and once diagnosed, it should be treated in isolation with regular, full course, adequate dosage and combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs.