Blood counts in patients with ankylosing spondylitis are usually unremarkable. In the active phase of the disease, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein may increase. Ankylosing spondylitis is most common in men, and its main lesions are sacroiliac joints and the spine. Early clinical symptoms can be manifested as lower back or waist and hip pain, and there is a certain tendency of family aggregation. The sacroiliac joint is the earliest site involved in the disease, and the pathologic manifestations include synovitis, cartilage degeneration and destruction, subchondral bone plate destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration. Repeated inflammation can lead to erosion of the attachment points, inflammation of the nearby bone marrow, edema and even new bone formation and loss of the joint space at the involved site. Typical late stage manifestations include vertebral body squaring, ligament calcification, and “bamboo-like” changes in the spine. Laboratory tests for ankylosing spondylitis patients show normal blood counts, with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in the active phase of the disease, and most of them are positive for HLA-B27. CT scanning is important for diagnosing the disease as it allows early detection of joint lesions. If there is any discomfort, it is recommended to consult a doctor as soon as possible, and under the doctor’s guidance, combined with clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging examinations for comprehensive analysis and diagnosis and treatment.