Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of low back and leg pain. When the nucleus pulposus of the disc protrudes from the annulus fibrosus, the herniated part of the nucleus pulposus and the broken annulus fibrosus protrude into the spinal canal, they compress the corresponding nerve roots and produce symptoms such as leg numbness, for example. For nerve compression by a herniated lumbar disc, the first thing that should be done is absolute bed rest, which is the simplest and most effective therapy. Here, the hip and knee joints can also be slightly flexed to reduce the pressure on the nerve roots. Secondly, some dehydrating agents and hormonal drugs can be applied, which can make the edema of the compressed nerve root subside. For younger patients, pelvic traction can also reduce the pressure in the intervertebral disc, which reduces the irritation of the nerve roots. For tui-na and massage treatment, they can also be effective, but long-term tui-na and massage are not recommended to avoid causing adhesions around the nerve roots. Moreover, functional exercises for the lumbar back muscles in daily life are also very important, such as Xiao Yan Fei, backward walking and swimming, which can enhance the strength of the lumbar back muscles to reduce the pressure on the nerve roots. Finally, if non-conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment can be chosen. There are two types of surgical methods: minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery. Since nerve root compression over time can degenerate and thicken the vertebral plate and ligamentum flavum and lead to medically induced spinal stenosis, surgery should be performed in a timely manner if non-surgical treatment is ineffective.