As a typical metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus is mainly characterized by disorders of glucose metabolism. However, in addition to disorders of glucose metabolism, diabetic patients often have disorders of lipid metabolism and hormone secretion disorders. Diabetic patients have insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance, resulting in elevated blood glucose. Lipid metabolism disorders are mainly reflected in abnormal blood lipid levels, and diabetic patients are more likely to have elevated triglycerides and cholesterol than the general population. In addition, the secretion levels of thyroid function hormone, cortisol hormone and gonadal hormone are also more likely to be disrupted in diabetic patients, mainly because of the effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on the endocrine glands.