The thyroid gland is located in the anterior part of the neck, below the thyroid cartilage and on either side of the trachea, and consists of the right and left lateral lobes as well as the isthmus, presenting an H-shape. The thyroid gland is located in the anterior part of the neck, presenting an H-shape, and consists of the right and left lateral lobes as well as an isthmus in the center, which is located in front of the cartilaginous rings of the 2-4 trachea, and which is absent in some people. The left and right lateral lobes are located on the anterolateral aspect of the larynx and the trachea and esophagus, and the upper end can reach the middle of the thyroid cartilage and the lower end can reach the 6th tracheal cartilage ring. The outer membrane of the thyroid gland is the true peritoneum, and the pre-tracheal fascia wraps around the thyroid gland to form a false peritoneum. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body, and secretes thyroid hormones that promote growth and development and increase nerve excitability. Prompt medical attention is recommended if there is an enlarged thyroid gland or nodules.