Currently, three new coronavirus vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use in China, including new coronavirus inactivated vaccine (2 doses), adenovirus vector vaccine (1 dose) and recombinant subunit vaccine (3 doses). New crown inactivated vaccine: The virus is amplified in culture using African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells and inactivated by β-propanolactone so that the virus is not replicative but allows the body to produce an immune response. Adenovirus vector vaccine: An antigenic gene from a new coronavirus is inserted into a gene that is not pathogenic to humans, so that the S protein antigen of the new coronavirus can be expressed in vivo to induce an immune response in the body. Recombinant subunit vaccine: A vaccine that uses a component of the neo-coronavirus as a vaccine antigenic component to induce an immune response in the body. After vaccination, the body produces protective antibodies, and some vaccines also cause the body to develop cellular immunity and form a corresponding immune memory. In this way, the body has immunity against the disease. Once a new coronavirus invades the body, the antibodies produced by the vaccine and the cytokines released by cellular immunity can recognize, neutralize or kill the virus, and the immune memory quickly mobilizes the immune system to work so that the virus cannot continue to proliferate in the body, thus preventing the disease. Vaccination also has two protective effects: first, it produces a protective effect on the individual who is vaccinated. First, it is a protective effect for the individual who receives the vaccine, i.e., the antibodies produced by each individual after receiving the vaccine protect him or her. Second, the protective effect is reflected in the population, when a certain percentage of vaccinated individuals can form the protection of the population, also called herd immunity, the threshold value of the vaccination rate required for herd immunity varies for different infectious diseases, the stronger the infectiousness, the higher the percentage of vaccination required, such as the new crown, which needs to reach 70%-80% of the population to produce the herd protection effect. The virus is still mutating, but there is no evidence from global surveillance of neo-coronavirus mutations that they will render existing neo-coronavirus vaccines ineffective. Viruses are among the simplest organisms that depend on living cells for their proliferation, and in the process of proliferation, they mutate. The World Health Organization, national research institutions, vaccine manufacturers, and others are closely monitoring the mutation of the new coronavirus and are also conducting related research.