The digestive tract dynamic function mainly includes digestive tract peristalsis, digestive tract passage time, digestive tract electrical activity, and digestive tract sphincter movement, etc. Scientists have made unremitting efforts to obtain the parameters of digestive tract dynamic function, the most representative of which is the digestive tract manometry technique. The digestive tract is a hollow organ, and the smooth muscles of the digestive tract constantly undergo contraction and diastolic movements, with local pressure rising during contraction and falling during diastole, a change that is more pronounced in the sphincter. If the mechanical signals of pressure changes can be accurately recorded and analyzed to compare the differences between healthy people and patients with different diseases, it can help diagnose digestive tract motility disorders. With the development of GI manometry, the understanding of GI dynamics has evolved from observation in isolated animals to practice in humans, from laboratory studies to clinical exploration, from simple phenomenon recording to multi-point pressure parameter acquisition, and even more to a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of a part of the GI tract using 24-36 leads. The development of digestive tract manometry not only reflects the hardships of scientific development, but also reflects the persistent pursuit of science by human beings, which is also very helpful for the establishment of scientific thinking. As early as 1877, Gowers recorded the resting pressure of the anal canal and first discovered the relaxation of the anal canal after rectal dilatation. 1883, Hugo Kronecker and his student Samuel James Meltzer attached 2 rubber balloons to a Marley’s air drum (a gas pressure transfer device), which was then swallowed by the student so that one was located in the pharynx and the other The experiment was the first esophageal manometry in the history of mankind, when a mild increase in pressure caused by compression of the balloon as the food mass passed through the balloon and a change in esophageal pressure due to muscle contraction after swallowing were recorded. In 1948, Charles F Code recorded the peristalsis of the esophagus using a water-filled multi-lumen catheter and balloon. 1950, Gauer and Gienapp used a miniature electromagnetic pressure transducer (Gauer transducer) to study esophageal pressure, which was free from the use of water as the pressure measurement medium but had a strong thermal dependence, thus limiting its application in clinical practice. In 1956, Code et al. used a side-hole catheter to record a high pressure band at the gastroesophageal junction and called it the gastroesophageal sphincter, which was the first observation of the existence of a pressure band at the gastroesophageal junction. in 1973, Waldeck et al. used a water-irrigated 4 side-hole catheter for manometry, and the water-irrigated system broadly consisted of The hydroperfusion system consists of a manometric catheter, a syringe pump perfusion system, and a pressure sensing device that connects the two. Under the support of certain pressure from the syringe pump, the side holes of the pressure measuring catheter slowly discharge water at a certain rate. The catheter is located in the lumen of the esophagus, and the esophageal wall with a certain pressure acts on the discharge hole, and the discharge water is subject to a certain resistance, which is sensed by the pressure receptor, and thus the pressure of the corresponding esophageal wall is indirectly measured. The pressure of the esophageal sphincter (low esophageal sphincter, LES) was recorded by slowly pulling a manometric catheter (perfusion rate 5 mL/min) from the stomach outward at a rate of 6 mm/s, and it was concluded that the pulling technique was superior to static measurement of LES pressure. In 1975, Dodds et al. performed a rapid draw to measure LES pressure and pointed out the superiority of “rapid draw”. Due to the effects of breathing and swallowing, the LES moves so that there is a relative displacement between the manometer hole and the LES, and this displacement can lead to inaccurate LES pressure measurements. In response to this phenomenon, Dent et al. invented the “sleeve” technique in 1976, which can measure the pressure over the full length of the LES, thus eliminating the effect of displacement, but when used clinically, it was found that the sensitivity of the sleeve technique to local sphincter pressure changes is relatively low, and it cannot accurately reflect the changing pattern of the LES. or even errors. The high compliance of this system can lead to small slowdowns in late perfusion rates, bringing about bias in manometry results. In 1977, the water infusion manometry system was improved and the hydraulic capillary infusion system (hydraulic capillary infusion system) was born, reducing the infusion rate to 0.6 mL/min or less and providing more accurate data. In addition to advances in infusion systems, manometric catheters evolved from the original 4-hole catheter to 6-hole and 8-hole catheters. By the 1980s, standard manometry techniques were more mature, resulting in hydraulic capillary perfusion systems, 6-8 side-hole manometry catheters, and dynamic draw techniques that yielded linear maps of esophageal pressure. In the 1970s and 1980s, solid-state manometry systems began to emerge, initially as solid-state allograft manometry catheters, followed by the development of solid-state capacitive manometry catheters. The history of GI manometry changed significantly in the 1990s, when Clouse and Staiano developed the spatio-temporal plot model, inspired by the morphology of topographic maps. This method transformed the traditional linear plot into a three-dimensional one, which vividly and graphically reflected the time of manometry, the location of pressure-receiving devices on the catheter and the corresponding pressure at each location at the same time, thus making the interpretation of manometry results more intuitive and clear. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the birth of high resolution manometry (HRM) was a milestone in the history of manometry. Take high resolution manometry as an example, according to the catheter and manometry principle of HRM, there are 21-36 channels of water perfusion HRM and 33-36 channels of solid-state HRM for manometry. At the same time, the image display method of HRM adopts the “spatio-temporal diagram” mode, which enables a simple, visual, detailed, efficient and realistic detection of esophageal dynamics. After the development of HRM, high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) and three-dimensional (three-dimensional)-HRM have been developed successively. The former combines impedance technology with high-resolution manometry technology, embedding impedance electrodes on a high-resolution esophageal manometry catheter to monitor the change of impedance in the lumen of the esophagus while manometry, so as to observe and judge the status of esophageal mass clearance, belching, reflux, etc. Based on the dense pressure measurement points on the solid-state HRM catheter and computer software reconstruction and processing, the latter can obtain a three-dimensional three-dimensional dynamic image of the esophagus or anal canal, which can clearly represent the three-dimensional anatomy of the esophagus or anal canal and show the dynamic characteristics of the corresponding structures, achieving the goal of satisfying both dynamic determination and anatomical localization. From the initial exploration of manometry to the present, more than 100 years have passed and the technology of GI manometry has developed rapidly. The current manometry technology can not only meet the needs of esophageal and rectal-anal manometry, but also has the capability of gastric and small bowel manometry (duodeno-jejuno-ileal manometry), sphincter of Oddi manometry and colonic manometry, depending on the development of endoscopy and other technologies. The manometry data from rough to fine, manometry process from cumbersome to simple, the results of the interpretation from complex to intuitive, after the initial training of power professional physicians can be faster and better mastered, the author’s personal feeling is “open your eyes, you can see the results of manometry”. The practicality, operability, refinement and improvement of information of GI manometry are of great significance in research and clinical practice.