Proper recognition and rational treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

  Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a clinically common tachyarrhythmia, which is characterized by paroxysmal sudden onset and sudden stop, with a heart rate of 160-220 beats/min during the attack, each attack lasting several minutes to several hours, and often recurrent, with all normal intervals between attacks.  Clinical manifestations and diagnosis 1. The main clinical manifestations are sudden onset and sudden stop of rapid arrhythmia, the attacks are mostly regular and can occur anytime and anywhere, some emotional excitement, fatigue, tension, sudden change of position, and violent exertion occur.  2, the attack mostly has panic, chest tightness. Some may have sweating, polyuria, vomiting. The faster the heartbeat, the more pronounced the sensation. Older people are often more affected by the presence of other cardiovascular diseases, the attack can appear angina pectoris, acute heart failure, dizziness, blackness in front of the eyes, and even syncope, etc. You can also see a longer cardiac arrest after the sudden stop of tachycardia. After repeated episodes some patients develop tachycardia cardiomyopathy, which is manifested as heart enlargement and heart failure.  3, episodes of cardiac auscultation heart rate heard rapid regular heartbeat, 160-220 times / min, some will have changes in blood pressure.  4.The main diagnostic basis is heart auscultation and electrocardiogram examination during seizure. Most of the electrocardiogram examinations during non-seizure are normal, and a few are manifestations of pre-excitation syndrome. For patients with frequent but short duration episodes, ambulatory ECG helps to detect the episodes in time. The main differential diagnoses are sinus tachycardia, which is non-paroxysmal, gradually accelerating and gradually terminating, and atrial fibrillation. In the latter, the heartbeat is markedly irregular. Of course having an ECG of an attack is much clearer.  Treatment principles 1. Treatment during seizures: (1) Stimulate the vagus nerve to make the seizure terminate: the easiest and simplest is to hold the breath after inhaling forcefully or stimulate the throat to cause nausea action, both can be repeated and can be terminated in more than 1/3 of patients.  (2) Drug therapy: It needs to be performed in a regular hospital. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the quickest to push, and the single drug prevents prolonged cardiac arrest after the transition; intravenous verapamil (Isoptin) and cardioplegia are also good.  (3) Electrical cardioversion: It is indicated when the above-mentioned methods are ineffective or when the symptoms are obvious and have a great impact during the attack.  (4) Esophageal pacing: It is performed by using esophageal pacing device, which is more suitable for pregnant women who cannot be treated by physical therapy.  2.Radiofrequency ablation treatment: It is the most effective and thorough treatment method at present, with a cure rate of 98%, and the patient suffers very little pain during the treatment.