Cranial defects are a common clinical disorder in neurosurgery, and there are many accidents in life that may cause damage to the skull. Such as traffic accidents, production safety accidents, fall from height, throwing objects from height, fighting and so on may cause cranial injury. Cranial defects, as well as some cranial diseases such as brain hemorrhage, brain tumor, etc. require craniotomy treatment and cannot immediately return the bone flap and leave a cranial defect. Patients with cranial defects need to pay attention to quite a lot of places, here are some brief points, not necessarily comprehensive. First of all, patients should pay attention to their daily life, try to avoid strenuous exercise, especially to avoid external impact on the defective parts, which can easily injure the brain tissue; secondly, patients need to pay attention to their diet, to ensure sufficient nutrition, and at the same time, a light diet, avoid too greasy; also, pay attention to the psychological attention and guidance of patients with cranial defects, patients with cranial defects are easy to have low self-esteem and even depression. In addition, family members should communicate with the patient more often, and if necessary, professional psychological counseling can be provided; in addition, it is also very important to carry out cranial repair in a timely manner. Cranial repair is a routine surgery in neurosurgery, and the technology is very mature, but it is not simple to do well, it needs good repair materials and senior and experienced neurosurgeons to complete. Let’s talk about the material first. The skull repair material widely used in most general hospitals is mainly titanium mesh, and there are some defects and shortcomings in this metal material. For example, in clinical use, there may be problems such as infection and rejection after titanium mesh cranial repair, abrasion of scalp, material exposure, collapse and deformation, fear of cold and heat, affecting CT resonance examination, and unsatisfactory shaping effect. At present, there is a new material with better performance – polyether ether ketone PEEK material, which is comparable to autologous cranial bone in terms of hardness, strength, elasticity, heat insulation, stability, histocompatibility, radiolucency, and plasticity, and can achieve ideal cranial bone repair results.