1.What is lumbar spondylolisthesis? The lumbar vertebrae of a normal person are aligned neatly. If, for congenital or acquired reasons, the vertebrae of one of the lumbar vertebrae slip forward relative to the adjacent lumbar vertebrae, it is called lumbar spondylolisthesis. 2.The cause of lumbar spondylolisthesis? The cause of lumbar spine slippage can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired, occurring in childhood or later. It is primarily caused by excessive mechanical stress of various kinds, and contributing factors include lifting heavy objects, weightlifting, soccer, sports training, trauma, abrasion and tearing. There is another kind of lumbar spine slippage is degenerative, that is, structural abnormalities occur due to the aging of various structures of the lumbar spine, usually occurs after the age of 50, this kind of slippage is usually accompanied by lumbar spinal stenosis, and mostly requires surgery. 3.What are the symptoms of lumbar spondylolisthesis? When lumbar spondylolisthesis occurs, the patient may not have any symptoms, but only be found when taking pictures; or may have various related symptoms, such as lumbar pain, lower limb pain, numbness, weakness, and in severe cases, abnormal urination and defecation. Patients with more severe slippage may experience depression of the lumbar region, convexity of the abdomen, and even shortening of the trunk and swaying when walking. If there is no significant aggravation of lumbar spine slippage, conservative treatment can be taken and lumbar spine X-ray can be reviewed regularly to understand the slippage. If there is back pain and leg discomfort, the symptoms can usually be relieved after rest. 4.How to treat lumbar spondylolisthesis? Conservative treatment includes bed rest for 2-3 days, prohibition of activities that increase the weight-bearing of the lumbar region, such as lifting heavy objects and bending over, combined with physical therapy such as infrared and heat therapy, and oral anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs such as ibuprofen and fenbendazole. In addition, you can also wear a lumbar brace or support, which can reduce the burden on the lumbar area and relieve the symptoms. If a patient with lumbar spondylolisthesis has neurological symptoms, and the symptoms are not significantly relieved by regular conservative treatment, and still has long-term lumbar pain and other concomitant symptoms of spondylolisthesis, that is, conservative treatment is ineffective and seriously affects life and work, surgery should be considered. There are various surgical methods for lumbar spondylolisthesis, such as posterior pedicle screw repositioning decompression intervertebral implant fusion internal fixation, anterior intervertebral implant fusion, etc.