Manifestations of cone system injury

The most common manifestation of damage to the conus system is paralysis, which can cause paralysis of a single limb depending on the location of the damage, mostly paralysis of the upper and lower limbs of one limb, called hemiplegia. If the lesion is bilateral, it can cause paralysis of both lower limbs. In the case of damage to the spinal cord, especially damage to the high cervical medulla, it can cause quadriplegia. This paralysis is often characterized by increased muscle tone, hyperactive tendon reflexes, and positive pathological signs, such as Babinski’s sign, Chaddock’s sign, and Oppenheim’s sign. Usually there is no muscle atrophy in the early stages, and after prolonged paralysis it can cause disuse atrophy. If the paralysis is more severe, the patient starts to show hypotonia, which manifests as floppy paralysis, and then changes to increased muscle tone and hyperactive tendon reflexes after waiting for days and weeks.