Atrial fibrillation, or AF, is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias in adults. Current clinical studies in multiple countries indicate that the overall prevalence of atrial fibrillation is about 1% and is on the rise. The incidence of atrial fibrillation is age-related, and the older you are, the higher the incidence of atrial fibrillation. When the heart rhythm is normal, the atria and ventricles excite and contract regularly at a certain frequency (usually 60-100 beats/minute) to maintain normal pumping function of the heart. Once atrial fibrillation occurs, the atrial excitation frequency is as high as 300-600 times/minute, and the excitation conduction is disorganized, and the atria lose their normal contraction, which not only affects the pumping function of the heart and causes or aggravates heart failure, but also easily forms thrombus in the atria, which can cause complications such as stroke when the thrombus is dislodged; according to statistics, the incidence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is as high as 7 times that of normal people. In atrial fibrillation, especially in the early stage, the heart rate is often faster and more irregular than in normal sinus rhythm, so patients often have panic attacks, a fast and irregular heartbeat, an irregular pulse and other discomforts, which can also manifest as atypical chest tightness and shortness of breath; however, some patients do not have a fast ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation, especially those with chronic atrial fibrillation; in this case, patients may not have any symptoms until they visit the doctor because of heart failure or the appearance of stroke. Atrial fibrillation is not detected until the patient is seen for heart failure or develops a stroke. The simplest tests to diagnose atrial fibrillation are electrocardiography and ambulatory electrocardiography, especially during episodes of discomfort such as panic. However, for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the ECG may be normal during the interval between episodes, so it is especially important to consult a doctor and receive an ECG when you have panic attacks, chest tightness, shortness of breath and other discomforts; in addition, learning to touch your own pulse, knowing your pulse when you have panic attacks and describing it in detail to an arrhythmologist can also provide important clues to the diagnosis. According to the characteristics of atrial fibrillation episodes, atrial fibrillation can be divided into five categories: primary atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, persistent atrial fibrillation, permanent atrial fibrillation and long-range persistent atrial fibrillation. Paroxysmal AF refers to those who can convert to sinus rhythm by themselves within 7 days, and the duration of AF is usually <48 hours; persistent AF refers to those who persist for more than 7 days and require pharmacological or electrical resuscitation to convert to sinus rhythm; permanent AF refers to those who cannot convert to sinus rhythm, or whose physicians and patients have accepted that the persistence of AF does not intend to convert to sinus rhythm; and when AF lasts for more than 1 year, but When the patient's condition and the patient's wishes are taken into account and treatment of conversion (i.e., restoration of sinus rhythm, e.g., radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation) is considered, then it is called long-range persistent atrial fibrillation.