With the improvement of living standards, accelerated pace of life and changes in lifestyle habits in China, the incidence of gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps is increasing year by year. In the past, patients with gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps usually underwent cholecystectomy with many postoperative complications. Minimally invasive cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps is less invasive and has fewer complications, but the recurrence rate of gallbladder stones or gallbladder polyps is higher after surgery. How to reduce the recurrence of stones or polyps after minimally invasive biliary lithotripsy or gallbladder polyp removal has been a concern of medical workers. Modern medical research shows that the gallbladder not only has the function of storing and concentrating bile, excreting bile, secretion, but also maintains the role of bile acid hepatobiliary intestinal circulation, immunity and other important functions. For patients with gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps, the purpose of treatment is to relieve the patient’s pain and preserve the patient’s gallbladder function. In recent years, many scholars have tried to carry out bile-sparing surgery to treat gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps on the basis of combining with modern lumbo-scopic technology, and achieved good surgical results. However, some patients still have recurrence after surgery. How to reduce the recurrence rate after surgery is a clinical concern. At present, the risk factors for recurrence of gallbladder stones or polyps in patients treated with laparoscopic choledochoscopic cholecystectomy or polypectomy are long operation time and ethnic minority; the protective factors are good compliance, active postoperative intervention, and outpatient follow-up. Long surgical time is a reflection of the complexity of the surgical operation and the operator’s lack of proficiency in the surgical operation. Long operation time is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence of gallbladder stones or polyps in patients with gallbladder stones or gallbladder polyps treated with laparoscopic combined choledochoscopic cholecystectomy or polypectomy, which is mainly related to the following factors: 1. Patients with longer operation time have more chances of traumatizing the gallbladder wall, and the degree of oedema of the gallbladder wall is more pronounced in the postoperative period, and the recovery time of the gallbladder function is longer, and the prolonged siltation of the bile in the affected The gallbladder wall is more likely to form stones and polyps after a long period of time. 2.The gallbladder is more likely to form adhesions with the surrounding tissues after the surgery, which can not be reset smoothly, resulting in poor bile discharge and bile stasis, which is more likely to form stones and polyps. 3, long surgery time of small stones or polyps remain more, after surgery, bile is easy to deposit in the residual small lesions on the formation of larger stones or polyps. 4, the long operation time of the gallbladder wall bleeding, postoperative blood clots in the gallbladder is also one of the triggers of the recurrence of stones and polyps. Ethnic minorities are risk factors for postoperative recurrence of gallbladder stones or polyps in patients with gallbladder stones or gallbladder polyps treated with laparoscopic combined choledochoscopic cholecystectomy or polypectomy. This may be mainly related to the dietary habits of ethnic minorities and early marriage and multiple births. Some ethnic minorities mainly eat meat, and adult Uyghur women are known to be fat, and high triglyceride levels are an important risk factor for the development of gallbladder stones and polyps. Moreover, ethnic minorities in most areas marry early and often have more than 2 children, and early marriage and multiple births are predisposing factors for the development of gallbladder stones and polyps. Good patient compliance is a protective factor for postoperative recurrence of gallbladder stones or polyps in patients with gallbladder stones or gallbladder polyps treated with laparoscopic combined choledochoscopic cholecystectomy or polypectomy. Patient follow-up and dietary changes require long-term adherence, and only patients with good compliance will be able to stick with it and benefit from it. Factors affecting adherence include patients’ willingness to preserve the gallbladder, economic level, education level, and health awareness. Only patients who are willing to preserve the gallbladder can adhere to our treatment and our postoperative interventions can be well implemented. For those patients who do not have strong awareness of gallbladder preservation, cholecystectomy is appropriate. Therefore, we are required to assess the patient’s adherence based on the communication with the patient during the preoperative conversation, and also emphasize the probability and risk of stone and polyp recurrence, as well as the postoperative interventions to prevent stone recurrence and the economic burden, and do not recommend the choice of cholecystectomy for patients with poor adherence. Effective postoperative interventions are protective factors against postoperative recurrence of gallbladder stones or polyps in patients with gallbladder stones or gallbladder polyps treated with laparoscopic combined choledochoscopic biliary lithotripsy or polypectomy. Postoperative interventions refer to adherence to oral ursodeoxycholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid promotes the secretion of endogenous bile acids, antagonizes their cytotoxic effects, and protects cell membranes. Ursodeoxycholic acid also improves bile composition, inhibits cholesterol synthesis to avoid stone formation, and dissolves cholesterol stones, which helps to reduce the recurrence rate of postoperative stones or polyps. Biliary lithotripsy or polypectomy patients must adhere to a regular diet, insist on eating fresh fruits and vegetables, the gallbladder can be stimulated by food to produce regular contraction movement of the accumulated bile out of the gallbladder. Only the movement of the gallbladder can avoid the formation of adhesions with other tissues, so as not to affect the contraction function of the gallbladder, to avoid the formation of newborn stones. Changes in personal lifestyle and physical activity are also important. Exercise improves the metabolic balance of body fat, lowers cholesterol levels in the body, and reduces the recurrence of cholesterol stones. Adherence to effective outpatient specialty follow-up is a protective factor against postoperative recurrence of gallbladder stones or polyps in patients with gallbladder stones or polyps treated with laparoscopic choledochoscopic cholecystectomy or polypectomy. Adherence to effective outpatient specialty follow-up can regularly track the status of patients’ postoperative gallbladder function and provide timely, positive and effective interventions. During the outpatient follow-up, we will have a face-to-face conversation with the patient based on the results of the review to understand the patient’s postoperative recovery, postoperative dietary structure and life status, and to remind and correct the patient’s deficiencies in a timely manner. If the B ultrasound examination reveals that the bile is viscous and there are small light spots, it is necessary to dilate the bile ducts by drinking a lot of water and applying antispasmodic drugs appropriately on the basis of oral ursodeoxycholic acid, so as to promote the discharge of bile. We have encountered several cases of patients after the above treatment, the gallbladder within the small light spots are quickly disappeared. The gallbladder was normal at the next reexamination and there was no stone formation. For patients with clear predisposing factors, targeted interventions and increased frequency of reexaminations can be developed based on the reexaminations to detect and treat recurrent gallbladder stones and polyps in a timely manner.