The incidence and prevalence of bronchial asthma, a chronic allergic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract, is increasing. Due to elevated airway reactivity and exposure to allergens, patients experience recurrent episodes of wheezing, chest tightness, coughing and nighttime awakening, which seriously affects their quality of life and work and increases medical costs. Improper treatment of severe or critical asthma attacks can also lead to asthma death. The goals of asthma control as outlined in the Global Initiative for Asthma Control are: (1) to effectively control asthma symptoms and maintain minimal or no symptoms; (2) to prevent acute exacerbations of asthma; (3) to maintain lung function as close to normal as possible; (4) to maintain the ability to perform normal activities (including exercise); (5) to prevent irreversible airflow limitation; (6) to avoid adverse effects of asthma medications; (7) to prevent asthma deaths and reduce the risk of asthma deaths; and (8) to reduce the risk of asthma deaths. (7) Prevention of asthma deaths and reduction of asthma mortality. The main reasons for poor asthma control include inadequate diagnosis of asthma, inappropriate treatment, and poor patient compliance. In order to improve the efficacy of asthma and achieve the treatment goals proposed by GINA, it is necessary to pay attention to the preventive treatment of asthma. Among them, the correct use of inhaled glucocorticoids, ICS combined with inhaled long-acting b agonists, ICS combined with theophyllines and ICS combined with leukotriene receptor modifiers is crucial. ICS is by far the most effective drug to control airway inflammation, which can regulate the transcription of target cells, inhibit the activation of various inflammatory cells and the production and release of inflammatory factors, reduce the leakage of microvessels, improve the sensitivity of b receptors, and thus prevent the remodeling of airways. The available varieties are beclomethasone propionate, budesonide and fluticasone, which are inhaled as a quantitative aerosol, dry powder or solution. 2.ICS plus LABA As mentioned above, ICS is by far the most effective drug to control airway inflammation, while LABA is the strongest bronchodilator. LABA can also inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine from mast cells, reduce plasma exudation and inhibit sensory nerve excitation and has an adjuvant anti-inflammatory effect. The two drugs act on different aspects of asthma pathogenesis and have complementary effects. In addition, ICS prevents b-receptor desensitization caused by over-stimulation of b-receptor agonists by increasing gene transcription and up-regulating b-receptors. Due to the reserve of b-receptors, ICS is unlikely to enhance the bronchodilator effect of LABA, but may increase other anti-asthmatic effects, while LABA may enhance the inhibitory effect of ICS on airway inflammation by increasing the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors in the nucleus. Thus, ICS and LABA have synergistic and reinforcing effects on each other. The LABAs currently in clinical use include salmeterol and flumoterol. The former is highly lipophilic and can diffuse into the cell membrane and diffuse laterally within the cell membrane to the b2 receptor site, a process that takes more than 30 minutes, so salmeterol has a slower onset of action than other b2 agonists. After salmeterol diffuses into place, its side chain binds to the outer site of the b2 receptor, allowing salmeterol to be immobilized, and its duration of action is not affected by dose. Flumoterol, on the other hand, is moderately lipophilic and forms a storage pool within the cell membrane after entering the cell membrane, and then continuously leaches out of the membrane to bind to the active site of the b2 receptor and acts. The dose administered determines the strength and duration of action, and has both long-acting and fast-acting characteristics. Although ICS plus LABA significantly improves asthma control rates, there are still some patients with on-demand SABA and acute asthma exacerbations. The pathological basis of asthma symptom exacerbation is the aggravation of chronic inflammation in the airways. Although SABA can rapidly diastolic bronchial smooth muscle and relieve asthma symptoms, there is no anti-inflammatory effect, and over-reliance on SABA may further develop airway inflammation and lead to acute exacerbation of asthma. 3, ICS plus theophylline Theophylline has a long history of use in the treatment of asthma, which not only has a long and sustained bronchodilatory effect, but also inhibits inflammation and immunomodulatory effects at relatively low plasma concentrations. Theophylline interferes with the activity of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and the airway hyperresponsiveness it induces, reduces the release of interleukin II and inhibits neutrophil accumulation in the airways. When mild to moderate asthma patients cannot control their symptoms with low doses of inhaled ICS, extended-release theophylline can also be added to improve the control rate of asthma. 4.ICS plus leukotriene receptor modifier Zallust and montelukast exert anti-asthma effects by inhibiting leukotriene synthesis and antagonizing its receptor, respectively. Low-dose ICS plus montelukast significantly improves lung function, reduces daytime asthma symptoms and the number of nighttime awakenings compared with low-dose ICS alone. Due to its unique mechanism of action, leukotriene receptor modifiers may have better efficacy in certain types of asthma, such as aspirin allergy, exercise asthma, and allergic asthma combined with allergic rhinitis. 5.Improve patient awareness and compliance Many studies have shown that another important reason for asthma treatment failure is patients’ lack of awareness and poor compliance with asthma. (1) Failure to recognize that asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that requires long-term medication like hypertension and diabetes, and premature discontinuation and intermittent medication often lead to recurrent asthma attacks; (2) Insufficient estimation of the severity of the disease and failure to increase therapeutic drugs or doses in a timely manner, resulting in acute exacerbation of asthma; (3) Fear of ICS and oral hormone adverse reactions, not knowing the obvious difference between them (3) not knowing the obvious difference between ICS and oral hormone adverse effects, fearing ICS and over-relying on SABA for symptom control, resulting in masking the condition leading to severe asthma exacerbation and serious adverse reactions of SABA. (4) Inability to use various inhalation devices correctly, so that the efficacy of inhalation therapy cannot be fully reflected. Therefore, medical staff should strengthen patient guidance, communicate well with patients and establish a good collaborative relationship to jointly achieve the goal of asthma prevention and treatment.