What are the main arousal-promoting treatment modalities for disorders of consciousness?

Wake-promoting treatment belongs to comprehensive treatment, which requires multi-party efforts and a variety of methods, mainly including: Basic care, prevention of complications: to make the patient maintain a good state for rehabilitation is the basic condition of wake-promoting, active control of the underlying diseases (e.g. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc.), and the prevention of bedridden related complications (e.g. pneumonia, lower limb venous thrombosis, etc.). Application of wakefulness-promoting drug therapy: such as dopamine analogs, psychoexcitatory drugs and traditional Chinese medicine. Appropriate application of antiepileptic drugs: although drugs such as phenytoin sodium and barbiturates have a therapeutic effect on epilepsy, they also deepen the degree of the patient’s impaired consciousness to a certain extent. Surgical treatment: If the patient has problems that need surgical treatment (such as cranial defects, hydrocephalus, etc.), it is recommended to implement surgical treatment at an early stage, so that the patient can move forward without the burden, in addition, there are some surgical ways to promote awakening: such as spinal cord electrical stimulation, brain pacemaker, etc. Rehabilitation: including PT, OT, acupuncture, physiotherapy, music therapy and other modalities.