Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes originating from pigmented areas of the skin, mucous membranes, eyes and central nervous system. It is mainly located on the skin surface, so it is also a precursor of skin cancer and has a high mortality rate. The disease is mostly seen in adults over 30 years of age, and those occurring on the skin are mostly found on the soles of the feet, vulva and around the anus. It can be malignant at the beginning, but usually comes from the malignant transformation of junctional nevi. Melanoma has a high recurrence and metastasis rate and a poor prognosis. Factors that trigger melanoma (1) Melanoma is caused by the love of beauty. Many people use a lot of chemical cosmetics in order to pursue the clean and tender skin, resulting in chemical skin pollution, and some people even use chemical corrosive agents to remove the moles on the skin, which is counterproductive and stimulates the excessive proliferation of melanocytes. (2) Atmospheric pollution, such as a large number of harmful substances such as Freon emissions destroy the ozone layer, resulting in inadequate filtration of ultraviolet light, the cause of melanoma, including harmful ultraviolet light and harmful substances in the air work together on human skin, causing abnormal expression of melanocytes, leading to melanoma. (3) Lack of hygiene knowledge does not pay enough attention to the nevi that grow on the feet, perineum and other friction-prone parts of the body, so they are squeezed and rubbed for a long time, which eventually lead to their malignant transformation. (4) Abuse of estrogen drugs Research has found that there are estrogen receptors in the cells of malignant melanoma, so it is suspected that excess estrogen will stimulate the occurrence of melanoma. (5) Immunodeficiency With the improvement of living standards, Chinese people live significantly longer. Along with age, the body’s immune function gradually declines. It has been found that immune deficiency is one of the important reasons for the occurrence of melanoma, so the incidence of melanoma in the elderly is clinically high. This is one of the causes of melanoma. Who is prone to melanoma? Apart from those who are frequently exposed to the above mentioned causes of melanoma, black people or people with dark complexion rarely develop melanoma, and if it occurs, it is mainly in the white skin of the feet and palms. Most scholars believe that about half of melanomas occur on top of existing nevi. White people with white hair, blue eyes, and pale skin are more likely to develop melanoma. Dysplastic nevus syndrome, an autosomal disorder in which the body is covered with large, flat, irregularly shaped, thin, and variably colored nevi, one or more of which in most patients result in a malignant melanoma. Large congenital nevi, larger than 2 cm, have an increased risk of malignancy. Some individuals with this syndrome, but without a genetic predisposition, should also be closely monitored for the appearance of melanoma. It is possible to prevent and control the rapid growth of melanoma by taking herbal medicines with anti-tumor effects, such as ginsenoside Rh2, which has both anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects.