The benefits and disadvantages of cholecystectomy are given based on a comprehensive assessment of the individual by the doctor to determine the necessity of cholecystectomy. Cholecystectomy has been performed for more than 100 years now and the procedure is quite well established. It is mainly used for acute cholecystitis, symptomatic chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder stones, gallbladder polyps or gallbladder cancer, traumatic rupture of the gallbladder, etc. Surgical modalities include traditional open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the above conditions can often be effectively improved after surgery. However, it should be noted that some cholecystectomies may develop post-cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea, dyspepsia, biliary tract infection and jaundice as the main clinical symptoms in weeks or months after the cholecystectomy. PCS is mostly due to biliary causes (long residual choledochal duct, common bile duct stones, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, duodenal papillary stenosis and duodenal papillary diverticulum and parapapapillary diverticulum), and non-biliary causes (duodeno-gastric reflux, extra-biliary disorders, and psycho-psychological factors), which are often more disruptive to the individual’s life after cholecystectomy. Therefore, the necessity, benefits and risks of cholecystectomy need to be assessed on an individual basis under the supervision of a medical professional.