Most of the patients with stage 2 rectal cancer need chemotherapy, and some of them also need radiotherapy. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be carried out synchronously, and the specific time of chemotherapy needs to be based on different conditions of patients. Stage 2 rectal cancer patients can be classified into stage 2A and stage 2B according to the different range of lesions. Among them, stage 2A patients with high risk factors such as low differentiation, or invasion of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels need to be given postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, so as to reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Stage 2B rectal cancer patients usually need to be given neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical surgery, and then given radical surgery for resection, which can improve the cure rate of patients. Of course, whether stage 2 rectal cancer patients should be treated with chemotherapy or not needs to assess the patients’ physical condition, and only stage 2 patients who have ruled out the contraindications to chemotherapy can be treated with chemotherapy.