Migraine is a common clinical primary headache, a common chronic neurovascular disorder with a prevalence of 5-10%. It is characterized by episodic, mostly lateral, moderately severe, throbbing-like headache, usually lasting 4-72 hours, with nausea and vomiting during the attack, and can be aggravated by light and sound stimulation or daily activities, and can be relieved by quiet environment and rest. The specific causes and pathogenesis of migraine are still unclear, but genetic factors, internal factors such as excitability disorders of nerve cells in the brain, endocrine and metabolic factors, and environmental factors are also involved in migraine attacks, such as cheese, meat and pickled foods containing nitrite, chocolate, grapes, birth control pills and vasodilators can trigger attacks. In addition, bright light, overwork, stress and post-stress relaxation, excessive or too little sleep, fasting, tension, and emotional instability are also triggers of migraine. Treatment of migraine includes alleviation or termination of attacks during the attack period, as well as prevention of migraine recurrence and relief of accompanying symptoms. In acute attacks, general analgesics such as NSAIDs and opioids, or specific migraine medications such as traptans and ergot alkaloids are used to terminate attacks according to the extent of the attack. Migraine attacks are prevented during the non-exacerbation period with antidepressants, β-blockers, antiepileptics, and calcium antagonists. In summary, migraine is a chronic vascular disease caused by multiple etiologies, and patients should seek timely medical consultation and undergo standardized and systematic treatment under the guidance of professional physicians.