SMA disease refers to spinal muscular atrophy, a neuromuscular disorder. The cause of spinal muscular atrophy is still unclear, and it is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by gene mutation. The main manifestations are muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, etc. Some patients are accompanied by symptoms such as tongue tremor, hand tremor, constipation and cough weakness. Currently, this disease cannot be cured, but can only be prevented through prenatal diagnosis, and the treatment is based on symptomatic support, providing respiratory support and nutritional support according to the patient’s needs, as well as preventing and treating complications. The mortality rate of this disease is relatively high. People with a family history of this disease are advised to have adequate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis, and patients diagnosed with this disease need active supportive treatment, rehabilitation exercises, and regular review.