The disease, commonly referred to as “goat’s wind”, is a complex, recurrent neurological syndrome with complex etiology common in pediatrics. It is caused by paroxysmal temporary brain dysfunction. The clinical manifestations are recurrent muscle twitches and impaired consciousness. It is mainly due to the underdevelopment of the nervous system in children and the overexcitation of the cerebral cortex due to high fever or intense mental stimulation. High fever induced convulsions are the most common. The majority of children are unconscious, eyes are closed or half open, eyes are upturned, teeth are closed, corners of the mouth are twitching, head is tilted back, limbs are repeatedly flexed and stretched, and the whole body is deprived of oxygen because the thoracic and abdominal muscles are tense, breathing is stopped, lips are blue, and the body is tense, lasting from ten seconds to 1-2 minutes, but there are very few children with mild symptoms and consciousness is still clear. Symptoms of pediatric epilepsy There are various forms of seizures, but all of them are characterized by sudden onset and stopping and periodic seizures. The common ones in children are grand mal seizures, petit mal seizures and benign pediatric epilepsy. In grand mal seizures, the child suddenly loses consciousness, pauses breathing, turns blue, pupils dilate, limbs tense, hands clench fists, then turns into paroxysmal convulsions, foaming at the mouth, and the seizure usually lasts 1-5 minutes. Children with petit mal seizures show a sudden loss of consciousness, interruption of activity, staring or upturning of both eyes, but no fall, no convulsions, lasting 1 to 10 seconds, and consciousness soon returns after the seizure. In pediatric benign epilepsy, the seizures are mostly twitching of one side, lips, and tongue, which may be accompanied by abnormal sensation in that part, inability to speak, salivation, generally clear consciousness, more seizures at night, and a better prognosis. Although the etiology of pediatric epilepsy is very complex, with the rapid development of medical technology, most of the causes have been clearly understood, and overall, etiologically epilepsy can be divided into two categories: one is epilepsy without a clear cause, which accounts for 20% of the total number of epilepsy patients, mostly related to genetics, so it is also called cryptogenic epilepsy or genetic epilepsy. The most common causes include: (1) congenital malformations of the brain, such as anencephaly, megalencephaly, polymicrocephaly, gray matter heterotopia, cerebral penetration malformation, congenital hydrocephalus, hypoplasia of the corpus hydrazine, arachnoid cyst, microcephaly, and macrocephaly. ②Neurocutaneous syndromes: the most common ones are tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis and cerebral trigeminal angiomatosis, etc. ③Genetic metabolic diseases, such as phenylketonuria, hyperammonemia, cerebral lipid deposition, vitamin B6-dependent disorders, etc. ④Perinatal brain injury, mainly birth injury, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxia, ischemic encephalopathy, among which hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy resulting in epilepsy is the most common. ⑤ Intracranial infections: such as bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, brain abscess, mycobacterial meningitis, cerebral parasitosis, post-inoculation encephalitis, post-infectious encephalitis, etc. (6) Nutritional metabolic disorders and endocrine diseases, such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, vitamin B6 deficiency and hypothyroidism are common. (7) Cerebrovascular disease: such as cerebrovascular malformation, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebrovascular inflammation, cerebral infarction, etc. ⑧ Trauma: intracranial hemorrhage, skull fracture, and brain contusion caused by trauma can cause epilepsy, but the incidence is related to the degree and location of injury. ⑨ Brain injury after febrile convulsions also causes epilepsy. Regardless of the cause of epilepsy, active treatment of the primary cause, rapid seizure control, and receiving regular, reasonable, and non-toxic treatment is the guarantee of successful recovery from the disease. Factors causing epilepsy: patients with encephalopathy diseases ① congenital or developmental diseases: brain developmental malformations (microcephaly, cerebral penetrating malformation, cerebellar gyrus malformation), hydrocephalus, neurocutaneous syndrome (tuberous sclerosis, cerebral trigeminal neurovascular tumor) cerebral palsy, etc.; ② craniocerebral injuries: birth injuries (intracranial hemorrhage dural lacerations, cerebral contusions), acute craniocerebral injuries (closed, open), subdural or ③ Infections: bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, viral meningitis or encephalitis, tuberculous meningitis or mycobacterial meningitis, tetanus, cerebral parasites or protozoa, etc.; ④ Brain tumors: glioma, meningioma, cerebral leukomalacia, etc.; ⑤ Cerebrovascular disease: cerebral aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebrovascular embolism, arteriovenous and venous sinus thrombosis, chronic subdural hemorrhage (6) Cerebral degenerative diseases: cerebral macular degeneration, multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing encephalitis; (7) Toxic encephalopathy: any cause of cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. Poisoning. Drug poisoning, such as phenothiazines, corticosteroid antihistamines, salicylic acid preparations, withdrawal syndrome (i.e., sudden discontinuation of anticonvulsants); food poisoning, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, organophosphorus poisoning, heavy metal poisoning (mercury, lead, arsenic), etc. Hypoxia. Shock, asphyxia, severe anemia, acute hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary disorders, etc. Endocrine and metabolic disorders. Abnormal protein, sugar and fat metabolism; water and salt metabolism disorders (water intoxication, alkalosis, uremia, hypertonic dehydration); hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia; vitamin deficiency (vitamin B6 dependence, vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency, etc.) hepatic encephalopathy; renal insufficiency; nuclear jaundice, etc. Treatment of pediatric epilepsy Previously, epilepsy treatment relied on drugs, technology was backward, and people had little research and understanding of epilepsy, so many people were not well treated and their seizures were not controlled. However, after the 1980s, science has developed rapidly, and many new drugs have been introduced and the level of epilepsy treatment has been improved. It has been proven that most patients can fully recover with high frequency computerized excision surgery. The cure rate for pediatric patients and grand mal seizures is high. This result is far more optimistic than people estimated, and early formal treatment is the main factor in determining the outcome of treatment. Many people in China currently mistakenly believe that epilepsy cannot be cured, is “incurable” and “will become stupid and demented”. This is because the status quo of epilepsy treatment in many parts of China is far from satisfactory. For a long time, the university teaching requirements of medical schools in China are only “understanding” of the content of “epilepsy”, and a considerable number of doctors, especially non-specialists, do not understand the basic knowledge of modern epilepsy treatment, and the lack of systemic and formal treatment makes most of the patients who could have been cured lose good opportunities. The lack of systematic and formal treatment has caused most of the patients who could have been cured to lose a good opportunity; the recurrent seizures have caused the patients who could have been cured to lose their confidence, thinking that there is little hope for a cure and stopping the medication themselves unscientifically, further aggravating the epileptic condition.