Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) for kidney stones is relatively mature and safe, but it may also cause kidney injury and hemorrhage if not used properly. 1. Kidney injury: mainly occurs in patients with severe hydronephrosis and urinary tract infection. During extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, the powerful shock wave may cause kidney injury, subperitoneal hematoma or even kidney rupture. 2. Hemorrhage: mainly occurring in patients with coagulation disorders, shock wave lithotripsy may be severe renal bleeding, kidney rupture when the amount of bleeding is greater, which can be life-threatening. In addition to the above serious complications, in the process of stone removal, the stone may cause damage to the urinary tract, hematuria and pain, stone crushing is not complete may also appear stone ingrown, causing severe colic and ureteral obstruction. Therefore, when kidney stone patients undergo extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, they must strictly grasp the contraindications and undergo treatment in regular hospitals, and timely treatment when complications occur, in order to avoid serious consequences.