A urine phase contrast microscopy report is performed to confirm whether the hematuria is of nephrogenic or post-nephrogenic origin to identify whether the hematuria is medical or surgical in nature. When hematuria occurs and the cause is unknown, a urine phase contrast microscopy report is required. If the report results suggest a predominantly homogeneous pattern, surgical hematuria is considered. Common diseases are stones, tumors in the kidney, ureter and bladder or diseases such as pyelonephritis, ureteritis, cystitis and urethritis. These red blood cells have not passed through the glomerulus, so no destruction has occurred, so intact red blood cells are predominant, that is, homogeneous red blood cells are predominant. In the case of nephrogenic hematuria, the red blood cells pass through the glomerulus for filtration and are mostly broken, so the urine phase contrast microscopy reports an abnormality. It is mostly seen in glomerulonephritis and acute glomerulonephritis, etc. Relevant medical examination is needed for treatment.