1, oral health is the basis for normal growth and development of infants and young children Infants and young children are the beginning of life, when the biggest change in the oral cavity from toothless to teeth. The normal growth and development of the oral cavity and craniomaxillary surface and the eruption of teeth and the maintenance of their normal function are essential for the oral health and general health of infants and young children throughout their lives. Maintaining oral health in infancy and early childhood is conducive to balanced nutritional intake, good eating habits, and normal growth and development of the whole body. Infancy is also a critical period for learning language, and healthy, well-aligned milk teeth are the physiological basis for children’s normal pronunciation. 2, from birth, parents should clean the mouth of infants and toddlers After birth, parents should use soft gauze to scrub the child’s mouth every day, which can effectively prevent oral Candida albicans infection (commonly known as “thrush”). After the teeth have erupted, gauze or a soft brush can be used to gently scrub the child’s mouth and teeth. When multiple teeth have erupted, parents can brush the child twice a day with a finger brush or soft-bristled brush, making sure to clean all surfaces of the upper and lower jaw, especially near the gum margin. Children as young as two years old will want to brush their own teeth, but parents should understand that at this age children have not yet developed the fine motor skills of their hands to really brush their teeth. Therefore, parents should help their children brush their teeth at least twice a day. 3.Inappropriate feeding can endanger the oral health of infants and toddlers Breast milk is the best natural food for infants and toddlers, and compared with artificial feeding, the risk of dental caries is low when breastfeeding. Feeding posture will affect the growth and development of infant’s jaw and face, it is best to hold and feed. Bottle is the apparatus of artificial feeding, the bottle placed too high or too low may cause malformation of teeth and jaw. When bottle-feeding, you should use a suitable teat to avoid holes that are too large and milk flowing out without sucking, so that the infant’s chewing muscles do not get the proper exercise, which is not conducive to the normal development of the mouth and jaw. After the milk teeth erupted, do not let the infant hold the bottle with sweet milk or sweet drink for a long time, especially not to sleep with the bottle, otherwise it will cause infant caries. 1 year old should minimize the use of the bottle, and the bottle can only contain white water and unsweetened milk, use the cup or spoon to feed sugary liquid (such as sweet milk, juice, honey water, etc.). 1.5 to 2 years old should stop using the bottle. Because long-term bottle feeding, in addition to easily occurring caries, can also hinder the development of the child’s chewing function. 4.Do not pass germs to children orally. Saliva is the carrier of bacteria transmission. The feeder can spread the pathogenic bacteria in the mouth to the child by chewing the food and putting the pacifier or spoon into the child’s mouth to test the temperature. The earlier the cariogenic bacteria are transmitted to the child, the more likely the child will develop caries. Therefore, caregivers should pay attention to feeding hygiene, correct bad feeding methods, and pay attention to their own oral hygiene to avoid spreading cariogenic bacteria to infants and children. 5.Pay attention to the disinfection of feeding utensils Baby feeding utensils such as bottles must be disinfected and sterilized, otherwise, the baby will bring the bacteria into the baby’s body when eating milk, leading to diarrhea, vomiting, and may also cause “thrush”. It is important to note that bottles that are not used within 24 hours after sterilization still need to be re-sterilized to avoid the growth of bacteria. Infants and children should receive oral health checkup and oral hygiene guidance once every six months from the time their teeth erupt. Within six months after the first tooth erupts, parents should take infants and children to the hospital for dental checkup, and ask doctors to help determine the eruption of the child’s teeth and assess the risk of caries, and provide targeted oral hygiene guidance, and if caries and other oral diseases are found, they should be treated early. Thereafter, the teeth should be examined once every six months.