Although pneumoconiosis cannot be completely cured, comprehensive treatment can be carried out according to the needs of the disease, actively preventing and treating tuberculosis and other complications, alleviating clinical symptoms, slowing down the progression of the disease, prolonging the patients’ life span, and improving their quality of life. Pneumoconiosis is a disease characterized by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue caused by long-term exposure to dust (e.g. coal dust, coal dust silica dust, silica dust) and its retention in the lungs. The clinical manifestations of pneumoconiosis can be seen as coughing, coughing up sputum, chest pain and dyspnea. Pneumoconiosis is a chronic and irreversible lung disease, and there are no drugs that can completely reverse pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis is mainly treated for symptoms. If there is coughing and sputum, aminoglutethimide and bromhexine can be used to reduce sputum; if there is wheezing, albuterol, aminophylline and doxophylline can be used to calm the wheezing; if there is hypoxemia, oxygen therapy can be used to improve the oxygen saturation; and pirfenidone and haldolizine can be used to treat the antifibrotic symptoms. As the disease progresses, pneumoconiosis is prone to many complications. Therefore, if diagnosed with pneumoconiosis, patients are advised to consult a doctor as soon as possible and standardize the treatment under the doctor’s guidance in order to obtain a longer survival time and a higher quality of life.