Nerve cells are characterized by a triangular or polygonal morphological structure that can be divided into three regions: dendrites, axons, and cytosol.
A dendrite is a short, branching protrusion from the cell body of a neuron that receives stimuli and transmits impulses to the cell body. The axon is a protrusion from the neuron, often very long and of uniform diameter, which leaves the cytosol at some distance to acquire myelin sheaths and become nerve fibers that transmit impulses from the cytosol to the terminals.
Typically, a neuron has one or more dendrites but only one axon, and the larger the cell body of a neuron, the longer its axon.
A nerve cell is a highly differentiated cell, one of the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system, which has the function of receiving, integrating, transmitting, and outputting information for information exchange.