As mentioned in previous articles, Lactobacillus is the main flora of the normal vagina and plays an important role in maintaining a healthy vaginal environment and preventing the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and is an important part of the vaginal “self-defense” barrier. The destruction of lactobacilli in large numbers may lead to the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and vaginitis. In the acute phase of vaginal inflammation, the main principle of treatment is to identify the type of pathogenic bacteria and to use antibacterial drugs. For example, fungal vaginitis requires antifungal drugs (clotrimazole, miconazole nitrate, fluconazole, etc.); trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginitis (including bacterial vaginosis) use metronidazole and tinidazole. Lactobacillus is not usually used in acute episodes of inflammation. For most vaginitis, Lactobacillus rapidly regains balance after the acute phase has passed and no additional supplementation is needed. However, for recurrent vaginitis, especially after systemic antibiotics (e.g. oral or intravenous antibiotics) and in patients whose symptoms do not persist after anti-microbial treatment, additional lactobacillus preparations (e.g. Tingjunsheng) can be considered to promote the recovery of normal vaginal flora by supplementing with lactobacillus.