Lumbar puncture can examine a variety of diseases: i. acute cerebrovascular diseases, such as ventricular hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage; ii. infectious diseases of the skull and brain, such as viral encephalitis, meningitis, or other pathogenic central infectious diseases; iii. demyelinating diseases, such as Grimballi syndrome, which can show protein cell separation during lumbar puncture. Fourth, hydrocephalus, which is determined by lumbar puncture to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure and determine the type of hydrocephalus. Lumbar puncture is a common test in neurology and can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as intralesional drug delivery. Patients who undergo lumbar puncture must have good preoperative communication to eliminate patient tension. In addition, lumbar puncture can also directly measure intracranial pressure to help diagnose whether a patient has increased intracranial pressure.