Ultrasound endoscopy is a product of the continuous development and integration of electronic endoscopy technology with ultrasound sensing technology, microelectromechanical technology, modern computer technology and other high technology, and is one of the medical instruments with very broad application prospects. Endoscopic ultrasound imaging system is based on the electronic endoscopy system, the ultrasound probe through the biopsy channel of the endoscope into the body cavity, and then close to the target organ to be detected. The biopsy channel of the endoscope generally uses a 2.8 mm inner diameter PTFE hose, and the ultrasound endoscope probe enters the body through the hose biopsy channel to carry out its work. At present, domestic research in ultrasound endoscopy is relatively backward, while foreign research in ultrasound endoscopy is more mature. Japan’s Olympus and Fujinon have developed various types of ultrasound endoscopy products, and they are widely used in clinical practice. The ultrasound endoscope developed by Olympus combines the functions of endoscopy and ultrasound scanning so that images of the surface of the digestive tract and ultrasound scanning images of the submucosa in the digestive tract can be displayed simultaneously. The EU-C2000 from Olympus is the world’s first electronic convex array scanning ultrasound mainframe for puncture biopsy that can be mounted on the same cart as the endoscopy system. Its easy operation mode allows biopsy puncture to be performed while observing, and the optimal puncture location can be determined. FUJINON’s fully digital ultrasound endoscopy system is compatible with both loop-scan and convex-scan endoscopes, with frequencies of 12 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz, a 360° field of view for radiation scanning, and a probe diameter of 2.6 mm or 2.2 mm, allowing for endoscopic ultrasound examinations and guided ultrasound endoscopic fine needle aspiration of patients. Color Doppler was also used for the first time in ultrasound endoscopy. The main structural trend of ultrasound endoscopy is miniaturization and compatibility. The probe frequency of catheter-based ultrasound endoscopy has reached between 12 MHz and 30 MHz, and the high frequency probe can clearly display the structure of internal organs of the human body. Compatibility is mainly expressed in the miniature main structure to be compatible with ordinary ultrasound endoscope, miniature ultrasound probe, color Doppler ultrasound endoscope and 3D ultrasound endoscope.