I. What is interventional? Interventional medicine is simply a marginal discipline that uses high-tech minimally invasive devices (such as catheters, guide wires, puncture needles, stents, etc.) to complete the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases under the guidance and monitoring of imaging equipment (DSA, ultrasound, CT, MRI, X-rays). What is the method of intervention? Vascular interventions are mostly performed under local anesthesia, with a 2 mm incision (or no incision) in the local skin, puncturing an artery or vein, introducing a guidewire, feeding a catheter, and reaching the diseased local vessel for imaging, drug injection, lysis, embolization, and implantation of stents or filters. After the operation, local pressure dressing is applied and the affected limb is usually required to be braked for 6-8 hours, and most of them can eat after the operation. Non-vascular interventions are generally performed through the natural orifices of the body (oral, urethral, vaginal, anal) or by percutaneous puncture, such as drug injection, dilator or stent implantation and expansion, radioactive particle implantation, cystic pus aspiration, drainage tube placement, and puncture biopsy. Third, what are the advantages of interventional treatment? 1.Small trauma: general incision is only 2 mm, no scar and tissue adhesion after surgery; only local anesthesia is needed, and patients are awake during the operation. 2, high efficacy, quick results: immediate results. For example, the bleeding can be stopped after embolization of the ruptured bleeding vessels. 3.Integration of diagnosis and treatment as one, saving time. Diagnostic imaging at the same time feasible interventional treatment, without delaying the treatment time. 4.Wide range of indications, few complications, can be repeated for many times. 5.The combined application of multiple technologies is simple and easy: for example, the comprehensive interventional treatment of portal hypertension can be performed by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) + gastroesophageal variceal vein embolization (SEVE) + partial embolization of splenic artery (PSE). 6.It belongs to high technology and represents the direction of medical development toward minimally invasive and non-invasive. IV. What are the diseases diagnosed and treated by intervention? 1.Malignant tumors: liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, etc.; 2.Benign tumors: liver and kidney cysts (abscesses, encapsulated worms), hepatic hemangioma, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, hyperthyroidism, etc.; 3.Hepatocirrhosis portal hypertension, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, large vomiting blood in the upper gastrointestinal tract, intractable ascites, etc.; 4.Non-vascular lumen stenosis and occlusion ( dilation, drainage tube or stent placement): various causes of GI stenosis and obstruction, esophagus-tracheal (or mediastinal) fistula, esophagus-gastric anastomosis stenosis or fistula, obstructive jaundice, tracheal stenosis, etc.; 5. Vascular diseases: angiography of extremities, vascular stenosis, occlusion, thrombosis, atherosclerotic occlusive disease, diabetic foot, etc. Pulmonary artery embolism, femoral head necrosis; ruptured blood vessels of the extremities, epistaxis, branch enlargement and coughing, tumor-induced vascular bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, hemangioma, saphenous varicose vein, etc.; 6. , radioactive particle implantation, arteriovenous cannulation, etc.