Xiaoming has been playing games all night recently. Yesterday, he suddenly couldn’t see well and his eyeballs hurt when he turned them, so he came to the ophthalmology department of the hospital for an examination and found out that he had retrobulbar optic neuritis. The optic nerve is an important bridge connecting the retina and the brain. When light enters the eye, the retina senses light and produces light signals, which are then transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve to form vision. The optic nerve is divided into the bulbar, orbital, canal and intracranial segments, of which the orbital segment behind the eyeball is curved in an “S” shape in the orbit, which ensures that the eyeball can rotate freely. Retrobulbar optic neuritis is an inflammatory lesion of the optic nerve behind the eyeball, especially the inflammation of the intraorbital segment of the optic nerve, which will cause the typical pulling pain when the eyeball rotates. In addition, retrobulbar optic neuritis will also cause a drastic decrease in visual acuity, and even the sense of light may be lost in acute cases, and there may also be pain in the deep part of the eyeball, visual field loss, color vision abnormality, etc. It is more common in young and middle-aged people, and it may occur in one eye or both eyes. There are many causes of retrobulbar optic neuritis, including infection, poisoning, autoimmune diseases, etc. The most common one is infection, especially when there is a disorder of work and rest, irregular diet, and a decline in autoimmunity, viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc. can easily invade the body, and these pathogens and the toxins they secrete will invade the optic nerve and cause inflammation. Currently, the treatment of retrobulbar optic neuritis includes removing the cause of the disease, medication, Chinese medicine, etc. First of all, the cause of the disease should be removed; when there is infection, we need to fight against the pathogen and take bed rest to ensure good immunity; when there is poisoning, we need to stay away from the poison such as lead, pesticide, methanol, nicotine, carbon monoxide and other poisons to detoxify the poison in a timely manner; and when there are autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism, leukodystrophies, SLE and etc. we need to treat the primary disease; medication is based on the treatment of the primary disease. Treatment of the primary disease; drug therapy is a combination of hormonal impact and nutritive nerve drugs for joint action; and for patients with unknown etiology often use traditional Chinese medicine, such as taking Chinese medicine to clear away heat and detoxify the toxin, activate qi and blood circulation, and acupuncture and so on. If there is pain when turning the eyeballs, vision loss should go to the ophthalmology department of the hospital in time for a detailed examination, to determine whether there is retrobulbar optic neuritis, if diagnosed, then timely treatment, daily life should pay attention to maintain a good work and rest, to avoid overwork, a light diet, eat foods rich in vitamin B1, such as peanuts, soybeans, bananas, etc., and stay away from tobacco and alcohol, and follow the doctor’s instructions to adhere to the treatment, regular review, do not stop taking medication, in order to avoid aggravation. Do not stop taking the medication on your own, so as not to aggravate the condition. Generally, after active treatment, the inflammation will subside and the eyes can return to normal, but if the condition is delayed and optic nerve atrophy occurs, irreversible damage to vision, visual field, color vision, and so on, may occur.