(Disclaimer: This article is for popular science use only. To protect patient privacy, the information in the following content has been processed.) Abstract: A 68-year-old female patient with recurrent episodes of lumbar and leg pain for two years, aggravated by activity and relieved by rest. 1 week ago, she came to the hospital with persistent aggravation of lumbar pain and numbness in the left lower limb, and was diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation after examination. The patient was advised to take bed rest, continuous spinal traction, and take ibuprofen extended-release capsule and methylcobalamin tablets for 3 weeks, the symptoms improved significantly, and was advised to be discharged for convalescence. The patient was discharged from the hospital for 3 weeks and was re-examined 1 month later. She had low back pain with no obvious cause, radiating to the left lower extremity to the lateral side of the foot, heavy after lumbar activities, and relieved after lying down at rest. The symptoms are aggravated by coughing and sneezing, and there is no limp when walking. No hypothermia or night sweats, no resting pain, no constipation, no dripping urine. The painful symptoms of the back and legs were gradually reduced by taking pain-relieving drugs outside (specific details not available). A week ago, the lumbago and left lower extremity appeared numbness and pain continued to worsen, and oral medication (specific details unknown) was taken with average effect. Today, he came to the clinic, and outpatient CT examination of the lumbar spine showed that L4 and L5 were herniated, and the preliminary diagnosis was lumbar disc herniation, and he was admitted to the hospital. Since the onset of the disease, the patient’s spirit was fine, his diet was poor, his urine and stool were fine, and his weight did not change significantly. The patient was admitted to the hospital and underwent MRI examination to clarify the extent of the lesion. The results showed disc bulging and protrusion at L4 and L5 with corresponding horizontal spinal canal and left foraminal stenosis, and conservative treatment was carried out after communication with the patient. First, the patient was instructed to rest in bed to reduce the spinal load, and to wear a lumbar spine brace when moving out of bed. And continuous traction was applied to the spine to reduce the pressure on the intervertebral disc and relieve muscle spasm. The patient was instructed to take oral ibuprofen extended-release capsules to relieve the symptoms of lumbar pain. For the symptoms of radiating numbness in the left lower limb, methylcobalamin tablets were used to repair the patient’s damaged nerves. After 3 weeks of treatment, the patient’s symptoms improved significantly and was discharged from the hospital for convalescence. After discharge, the patient should pay more attention to rest and limit activities such as lumbar weight-bearing and bending over to hold objects for 3 months, and be reviewed after 1 month. The patient returned to the outpatient clinic for a review 1 month after discharge, complaining that the symptoms of lumbago and left lower limb numbness had completely disappeared after returning home, but there was slight soreness in the lumbar region after prolonged bending, with no other discomfort. The patient was informed that he was still in the recovery period of the disease and should avoid bending over for a long time. The patient was given another CT examination of the lumbar spine, which showed that the prominence of L4 and L5 was reduced compared with the examination before admission. She stressed again that she should pay more attention to rest and come to the hospital promptly if the pain in her back and legs worsened. When the patient’s condition improved and she was ready to be discharged from the hospital, her relaxed and happy face was still fresh in my mind. In order for the patient to have a better recovery, I repeatedly emphasized that the following points should be noted after discharge from the hospital: 1. If symptoms such as increased pain and numbness in the waist and legs appear, seek medical attention promptly; 4. Pay attention to keeping the waist warm, increase clothing in time and avoid getting cold. V. Personal insight Lumbar disc herniation occurs in the middle-aged and elderly population, and the typical manifestation of the early stage of the disease is lumbar pain, and with the aggravation of the disease, radiating pain in the hip, leg and foot, as well as numbness. Therefore, once the low back pain cannot be relieved in a short period of time, it should be taken seriously and timely consultation should be made to the hospital, which can inhibit the further development of the disease and the patient’s prognosis is better. In this case, the patient’s condition developed more typically, and the onset of the disease was not treated for two years, which led to the aggravation of the disease. If early interventions were taken, the degree and extent of the patient’s pain could be reduced, and the patient’s quality of life could be improved to a greater extent.