A. Classification of stomach diseases in Chinese medicine. Gastric diseases are divided into yin and yang, epigastric, cold and heat, deficiency and actuality types. The main types are: liver and stomach qi stagnation type, spleen and stomach qi deficiency type, spleen and stomach deficiency cold type, stomach yin deficiency type, stasis blocking stomach ligament type, liver and stomach heat, cold and heat mismatch type, diet stagnation type, etc. The clinical manifestations of stomach diseases in Chinese medicine include “stomach and epigastric pain”, “noisy”, “acid swallowing”, “vomiting”, “fullness”, and “vomiting”, “fullness”, “regurgitation”, “stomach retardation”, “injury to food”, ” vomiting of blood”, “erratic rebellion”, “belching”, etc. Gastroparesis: Gastroparesis caused by six evil spirits offending the stomach is mostly sudden and violent pain, which is acute and dominated by actual evidence; Gastroparesis is recurrent, sometimes mild and sometimes severe, which is mostly chronic and dominated by deficiency evidence, due to prolonged stomach pain and imbalance of internal organs. Plumpness (pi) fullness: the six external evil spirits trapped in the stomach, or stagnation of diet, phlegm and dampness, internal injury of the seven sexes, and weakness of the spleen and stomach, all can appear the symptoms of plumpness. Belching: Upward rebellion of turbid Qi in the stomach, sensation of external evil, or uncontrolled diet, or internal disturbance of phlegm and fire, resulting in disharmony of gastric qi, malfunction of clear and turbid ascending and descending, and rebellion of gastric qi. Uh(e) rebellion: caused by loss of harmony and descent of the stomach and rebellion of Qi upward. Solid evidence is mostly due to external evil or phlegm stasis, gas stagnation, food stagnation. Deficiency evidence is mostly due to deficiency cold in the spleen and kidney and stomach yin in the foot. Stomach cold and erratic rebellion, combined with gastric and epigastric discomfort, will be reduced with heat, but will be worse with cold. Stomach regurgitation: Stomach regurgitation is mostly caused by poor diet, excessive drinking, or long-term worry and depression, causing damage to the qi of the spleen and stomach and gradual deficiency of stomach yang, resulting in gas stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm coagulation and stagnation in the stomach, the stomach loses its function of lowering and descending, and it is difficult to eliminate the food. Stomach fire: Mostly due to clearing the will too fast, fire or heat offending the stomach, over-eating spicy and hot products. If the stomach is depressed by heat, the stomach and epigastrium will burn and hurt. Heat and gas rebellion, then swallowing acid and noisy, fire has the power to eliminate grain, so eliminating grain and good hunger. The fire reverses the fire through the meridian, so bad breath, gum swelling and pain, red tongue with yellow coating. Heat burns the blood channels, forcing the blood to move delicately, resulting in epistaxis. Heat knots Yangming, burning fluid, so the mouth is dry and thirsty for cold drinks, constipated stools, and slippery pulse. Cold deficiency of stomach qi: The deficiency of yang in the stomach and Yang qi is caused by uncontrolled diet, wanton consumption of raw cold or bitter cold agents, resulting in cold pain in the yang deficiency and stagnation of cold qi, which is followed by cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, with the pain decreasing with food, warmth and pressure, with a moist, fat and tender tongue, white fur, sunken and weak pulse, loose stools and unheated extremities. The cold drink does not dissolve and reverses upward, so the belching is cold, with clear water or clear cold froth. If the spleen yang is not revived, the mouth is tasteless and the appetite is diminished. Stomach Yin deficiency: Mostly caused by fire and heat consuming yin, stomach Yin deficiency, the fluid does not go up, so the lips are dry and the tongue is dry, light and less fluid. Yin deficiency generates heat disturbing the stomach, the stomach loses fluids, so the cavity is not smooth, hunger does not want to eat, the stomach loses harmony with the lowering, then dry vomiting and erratic; the fluids hurt the stomach and dry to the intestines, so the stool is dry and short. Liver and stomach disharmony: depression, unrestrained emotions, liver wood overturning spleen and earth, resulting in liver qi stagnation, transverse to the spleen and stomach, so distension and pain or vague pain in the ribs and epigastrium; liver qi is not relieved, qi does not flow smoothly, so the pain runs to the chest or back; stomach qi reverses, so belching and acidity; spleen and stomach nourishment and transformation is not in order, so diet is reduced; the signs of tongue and pulse are symptoms of liver and stomach disharmony. Insufficient stomach yin: Insufficient stomach yin means that the stomach is not moistened. Therefore, the stomach has vague pain or burning pain; internal disturbance of deficiency heat makes the stomach and epigastrium noisy; loss of fluid in the stomach makes the stomach not want to eat; internal heat of yin deficiency makes the heart troubled and sleepless; deficiency of fluid makes the mouth dry, lips dry and stools dry; red tongue with little or no moss or little fluid, and thin pulse is the sign of internal heat of yin deficiency. Spleen deficiency and blood stasis: Gastroparesis does not heal over a long period of time, long-standing disease and stasis, stasis of blood blocking the channels, poor movement of qi and blood, so the pain in the stomach is more intense, stabbing pain, or cut-like pain. Blood stasis has a shape, so the pain has a fixed place and refuses to press, food and blood stasis together, so the pain is especially severe after eating; long-standing disease into the ligament, the ligament is damaged, so see vomiting blood, blood in the stool; actual evidence and heat evidence coexist, heat forced blood flow, so the actual evidence bleeding urgent; deficiency evidence and cold evidence see, so deficiency evidence bleeding slow. The tongue is dark purple, or there are stasis classes, and the pulse is astringent, which is a symptom of blood stasis blocking the ligaments, and blood flow is not smooth. Acid swallowing: Injury caused by emotion, diet, fatigue, etc. Stress and irritation, stimulation of the seven emotions, loss of drainage of the liver, transgression of the stomach; or depression of the spleen, abnormal transportation and transformation; diet disorder or partiality, damage to the spleen and stomach; or damp-heat congestion in the middle jiao, damage to the gastric membrane, injury to the spleen and depletion of qi, delayed transportation and transformation, loss of smooth flow of qi and blood, the gastric membrane is not born. According to the holistic concept of Chinese medicine, the individual disease is organically combined with nature, environment, climate and different manifestations of individual diseases, and the information from all aspects is pooled and analyzed to derive the cause, pathogenesis, location and properties of the disease, and then the dialectical treatment is applied to guide the medication treatment, which can often achieve satisfactory results. Gastroparesis: In modern medicine, acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric mucosal prolapse, gastric spasm, gastric neurosis, duodenitis, gastric cancer and some hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, biliary ascariasis, pancreatitis, etc., all have gastroparesis. The identification of gastroparesis is mainly to distinguish whether it is caused by disease (cold, heat, food stagnation, etc.) or by disorders of the internal organs (liver qi stagnation, spleen and stomach weakness); whether the disease is in the liver or in the spleen and stomach; whether it is actual (disease stagnation, liver depression, liver fire) or deficiency (spleen and stomach yang deficiency or stomach yin deficiency); whether it is still qi stagnation or has become blood stasis, etc. For the treatment of this disease, “regulating qi and relieving pain” is the common clinical method, however. However, it is necessary to further examine the evidence and seek the cause. For those who are blocked by the disease, the evil should be identified and removed; for those who are depressed by liver qi, the liver qi should be drained; for those who are deficient in cold in the spleen and stomach, the cold should be warmed and dispersed; for those whose pain does not heal for a long time, it is often due to fire, yin injury and blood stasis, so the method of clearing fire, nourishing yin and removing blood stasis should be adopted respectively. Stomach fire: burning pain in stomach and epigastrium, acidity and noisiness in the day, good hunger or vomiting when eating, bad breath, epistaxis or gum swelling and pain, constipation, when clearing the stomach and dipping the fire, neutralizing and harmonizing. Stomach Qi Deficiency Cold: Mostly combined with Spleen Yang Deficiency. Decreased appetite, empty pain or cold pain in the abdomen and epigastrium, reduced pain with food, warmth and pressure, cold belching, vomiting of clear water or cold saliva, pale and tasteless mouth, loose stools. The extremities are not warm and the tongue is pale, fat and tender. Treatment should be based on warming the stomach and benefiting Qi. Stomach Yin deficiency: dry lips and tongue, or dry vomiting and erratic flow, unpleasant cachexia, hunger and lack of appetite, dry stool and short urine. According to the condition, the stomach should be benefited to promote the production of body fluid and clear stomach heat. Chronic gastritis: belongs to the category of “gastric pain”, “fullness” and “noisy” in Chinese medicine. As chronic gastritis is caused by various factors that lead to injury of the stomach and internal organs, the stomach Qi is out of harmony, so treatment should be based on strengthening the stomach and moving Qi, supplemented by draining the liver, clearing heat, dispelling dampness, invigorating blood, regulating Qi and the stomach, nourishing Yin and benefitting the stomach, activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis, etc., according to the condition of evidence-based treatment. Peptic ulcer: It belongs to the category of “stomach pain” in Chinese medicine. It is mainly due to the loss of harmony and descent of the stomach and “pain if it does not pass”. The location of the disease is in the stomach, but is closely related to the liver and spleen. Liver qi can easily offend the stomach and grasp the spleen, and the spleen and stomach can involve each other. Clinically, the liver is mostly solid, the spleen is mostly deficient, and the stomach is mostly stagnant with blood stasis. When prescribing medication, the treatment should be flexible according to the pathological characteristics of the liver, spleen and stomach. For liver qi offending the stomach, the principle of “treating the liver can calm the stomach” and “avoiding rigidity and using softness” should be mastered, so that the liver is not forgotten to harmonize the stomach and the qi is carefully prevented from hurting the yin. If the spleen and stomach are cold, warm the middle and strengthen the spleen. Gastric ulcer: Gastric ulcer belongs to the category of “acid swallowing” and “gastric pain” in Chinese medicine. This disease is located in the stomach, from gas and blood, from real to deficient, cold and heat transformation, or cold injury to Yang, heat injury to Yin and other characteristics, most of the liver and stomach, warming and strengthening the spleen, nourishing Yin and stomach, blood circulation and blood stasis, regulate cold and heat and other treatment methods.