The first and foremost treatment for pediatric urolithiasis is to drink large amounts of water, which is the simplest and most effective treatment. Alkalizing the urine and improving the urine pH will prevent the stones from recurring. The primary treatment is still surgery. The indications for surgery are broadly categorized as stones that are too large to be discharged from the urethra, accompanied by hydronephrosis and infection causing renal failure. It causes severe pain and large amount of hematuria, which affects health, and acute obstructive anuria or oliguria. Surgery is also considered for relatively small stones that are ineffective after conservative treatment.