Common surgical methods for esophageal cancer include open surgery, endoscopic surgery and so on. ⒈ open surgery: open surgery is feasible for patients without distant metastasis, invasion of large blood vessels or important organs. Open surgeries include posterior-lateral surgery via left chest, anterior-lateral surgery via left chest, left chest and abdominal joint incision surgery, epigastric median and neck surgery, and so on. Peculiar endoscopic surgical treatment: endoscopic surgical treatment for early stage esophageal cancer can achieve the goal of cure. Endoscopic surgical treatment modalities include endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection, radiofrequency ablation, argon ion coagulation, photodynamic therapy, laser therapy and so on. When esophageal cancer undergoes surgical treatment, it needs to be formulated comprehensively according to the patient’s own condition, disease stage, tumor site and other factors, and listen to the doctor’s advice to choose appropriate treatment plan. It is suggested that patients should take active treatment so as not to delay the condition.