Epilepsy is one of the common neurological disorders in the pediatric period, with a prevalence of about 4%o to 9%o and an incidence of 35/100,000. Epilepsy is a chronic brain dysfunction syndrome caused by multiple etiologies, with abnormal hyper-synchronized neuronal discharges in the brain as the basic pathophysiological basis, clinically characterized by sudden, transient, seizure symptoms. Recently, the International League Against Epilepsy and the International Federation of Epilepsy Patients have proposed new definitions of epilepsy: 1) at least one seizure; 2) persistent damage in the brain; and 3) multiple impairments accompanied by other aspects, including neurobiological damage, cognitive and psychosocial adaptation disorders. The main treatments for epilepsy include etiology, medication, surgery and other treatments. The main treatment method is pharmacotherapy. The basic principles of drug treatment 1. Early treatment: Once the diagnosis of epilepsy is clear, treatment should be started as early as possible to avoid brain damage caused by continued seizures. Especially when the first seizure is a persistent status epilepticus or there are clear seizure factors that cannot be removed, treatment should be carried out immediately. If the first seizure is mild and the general condition is good after the seizure, close observation can be carried out first and drug treatment should be suspended, but medication should also be started after 2 seizures. 2.Rational selection of drugs: The clinical manifestations of the child should be carefully analyzed, and appropriate drugs should be selected for treatment according to the different seizure types or epilepsy syndromes of the child. 3, as far as possible monotherapy: most epilepsy using a single drug can effectively control seizures, and a variety of drug combination therapy, drugs sometimes interact with each other, affecting the efficacy, but also increase the toxic side effects. Therefore, monotherapy should be used first, and only when monotherapy is really ineffective, then reasonable combination therapy should be considered. The combination therapy is appropriate for no more than 3 antiepileptic drugs. The dose of drugs should reflect the principle of individualization. The first time you start to use a small dose, then adjust according to the child’s age, weight and treatment effect, to achieve the appropriate effective dose after maintenance. If the dosage has reached the maximum tolerable level and still cannot control the seizure, it is necessary to replace another drug. The first thing you need to do is to take your medication regularly for a long time in order to get good results. The first thing you should do is to avoid self-adjustment, discontinuation and abuse of drugs to avoid affecting the treatment effect. Generally, after the epilepsy is controlled, it is still necessary to continue to take the maintenance amount for 2-4 years, and then gradually stop the medication. The duration of treatment depends on the condition. The duration of treatment for complex partial seizures often requires more than 4 years, even to adults. 6, drug monitoring: should understand the metabolic kinetic characteristics of drugs, dose range and toxic side effects, as far as possible, drug concentration testing (TDM), and adjust the dose according to the pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical effects, has achieved the best therapeutic effect and reduce toxic side effects. 7, adhere to regular follow-up: long-term drug use can produce some toxic side effects, such as gastrointestinal reactions, ataxia, liver and kidney damage, mental behavior abnormalities, drowsiness, intellectual decline, blood changes, etc.. Close attention should be paid to the observation of drug toxic side effects, early detection, timely adjustment of drug dose or replacement of drugs. 8. Improve the quality of life: The goal of treatment is to control seizures, while adverse effects should be avoided or minimized, so that patients can obtain the ideal long-term prognosis and the best quality of life as possible. The child should be given the necessary psychological support to maintain a good state of mind to face life and society.