Epilepsy is a seizure disorder and its main clinical manifestation is “seizures”, except for persistent status epilepticus, most of them do not need special treatment, and the seizures can be relieved by themselves. Most of the doctors only judge the seizures according to the description of the parents or guardians of the children, sometimes the parents cannot reflect the condition correctly, and it is not related to the level of education and “care”. The majority of families in China are only children who are overly concerned and caring, and often mistake some normal physiological phenomena or other movements during illness for abnormalities, or even suspect seizures, sometimes using medical terms to interfere with physicians’ thinking. Therefore, it is important for clinicians and parents to be aware of non-epileptic “seizures” and to distinguish them from true epilepsy. The following disorders and behaviors are often distinguished from pediatric epilepsy: periodic breathing, nonconvulsive apnea, neonatal tremors, hypervigilance, benign neonatal sleep myoclonus, and benign neonatal convulsions. Disorders and behaviors to be distinguished from epilepsy in infancy and early childhood: breath-holding seizures, nodding spasms, nonepileptic tonic-like seizures, benign myoclonus in early infancy, tremulous seizures, transient paroxysmal myotonia in infants, oculoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, emotional crossed-legged rubbing movements, hyperarousal disorder, stereotypic movements. Disorders or behaviors that need to be differentiated from epilepsy in childhood and adolescence: polydactyly, hyperventilation syndrome, syncope, benign paroxysmal vertigo in childhood, seizure-evoked movement disorder, migraine, hysteria, rage attacks, and phobias. In addition, sleep disorders such as sleep myoclonus, night terrors, nightmares and sleepwalking, and episodic sleeping sickness should be differentiated from epilepsy. Metabolic and endocrine disorders such as hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, porphyria, periodic paralysis, and pheochromocytoma should also be differentiated from epilepsy.