Diabetes mellitus patients and normal people have lower immunity, often combined with infections, serious infections will appear perianal abscess, perianal abscess combined with diabetes mellitus is a common diabetes mellitus infections complications, increase the risk of surgery, the clinical manifestations are mainly for the perianal skin redness, swelling and pressure and pain. Therefore, effective and targeted nursing interventions for patients with perianal abscess combined with diabetes mellitus before and after surgery can help patients recover. Preoperative care includes: 1, psychological care: nursing staff should take the initiative to communicate with the patient, explain the effect of surgery on the treatment of the disease, and increase the confidence in treatment; 2, blood glucose control care: nursing staff should strictly control the patient’s blood glucose before the operation, so that it is maintained in the normal blood glucose range, and the patient’s blood glucose and blood pressure should be closely monitored. Postoperative care includes: 1, monitoring vital signs nursing: nursing staff should closely monitor the patient’s vital signs, immediately report any adverse reactions to the student, and deal with related problems in a timely manner; 2, to reduce the postoperative patients’ infection nursing: nursing staff should select the more effective broad-spectrum antibiotics for injection after the patient’s operation based on the results of drug sensitivity experiments and bacterial culture experiments, in order to control the infection and reduce the symptoms of postoperative infections; 3, to give the patient a postoperative antibiotic injection to reduce the symptoms of postoperative infections. Postoperative infection symptoms; 3, give patients dietary care: nursing staff should strengthen the monitoring of patients’ blood glucose, instruct patients to strictly follow the diabetic diet, low sugar, low starch food or coarse grains and vegetables as the staple food, eat less and more often; 4, perianal abscess care: constipation, defecation difficulties can be on the large cross, foot Sanli and epigastric and other acupoints to massage, to assist in the treatment. Summarize: before the psychological care can improve the patient’s confidence in treatment, monitoring blood glucose and timely communication with the patient and other care can relieve the patient’s bad mood. Nursing staff in the postoperative period to give patients dietary care and health guidance care, the use of skilled nursing methods to improve the effectiveness of nursing care, shorten the postoperative hospitalization time, the healing of patients has a positive effect.