The severity of the symptoms of emphysema is related to the severity of the emphysema and needs to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Emphysema is a disease caused by persistent dilatation of the distal air spaces of the terminal fine bronchi, accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls. If a patient coughs up white mucous sputum with symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath after strenuous activity, the patient is in the early stage of emphysema and the condition is relatively less serious. If the patient has symptoms such as swelling of the lower limbs, inability to lie down, blue lips and panic, it means that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has developed, which is usually more serious. Patients may suffer from respiratory failure due to severe poor ventilation and ventilation dysfunction, or even combined with other organ failure, requiring active intervention and treatment. Patients are advised to quit smoking strictly, stay away from dust, second-hand smoke and air pollution, strengthen nutrition, pay attention to keep warm when going out and avoid catching cold.