Blood lactate is a metabolic product of the anaerobic fermentation of glucose, and its clinical significance is to reflect tissue hypoxia. A decrease in blood lactate has no clinical significance, while an increase indicates hypoxia or circulatory disorders, or an increase in anaerobic fermentation after strenuous exercise. When there is respiratory failure, carbon dioxide retention occurs, and the partial pressure of alveolar oxygen decreases, resulting in hypoxia in tissues and organs. In hypoxia, anaerobic fermentation of glucose increases, and the production of lactic acid increases, resulting in an increase in blood lactate levels. If the increase in blood lactate is not corrected for a long time, the prognosis will be poor, and oxygen therapy or ventilator-assisted ventilation is needed to improve the hypoxic state of the body. When the body is in shock state, there is microcirculation disorder, causing insufficient tissue perfusion, resulting in increased anaerobic fermentation of glucose and increased lactic acid production, which needs to be treated with dopamine, norepinephrine and other drugs to actively carry out the treatment of antishock and improve microcirculation, and to treat for the cause of shock. Strenuous exercise within a short period of time increases oxygen consumption, anaerobic fermentation, and lactic acid production, which can lead to a transient increase in blood lactate, which can be slowly reduced after fluid supplementation and rest. The above treatments must be carried out by medical personnel, and should not be handled blindly by oneself to avoid serious consequences.