Coughing and vomiting in a 5-year-old child can be caused by pneumonia, whooping cough, upper respiratory cough syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux and other causes. 1. Pneumonia: Inflammatory reactions in the lungs can lead to coughing symptoms, and when the child coughs, it is easy to cause reflexive vomiting symptoms, which may also be accompanied by fever, shortness of breath and other symptoms. 2. Pertussis: When a child is infected by Bordetella pertussis, the stimulation of the pathogenic bacteria can cause coughing and vomiting symptoms, which may be accompanied by low fever, fatigue, sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms. 3. Upper Respiratory Cough Syndrome (URCS): It is usually caused by nasal lesions, resulting in nasal secretions backing up into the throat and the back of the nose, thus causing coughing and vomiting symptoms, which may also be accompanied by increased nasal secretion and nasal congestion. 4. Gastroesophageal reflux: This disease can lead to reflux of gastric contents, which can cause irritating coughing and vomiting symptoms, and can be accompanied by epigastric pain, chest pain and other symptoms. Children coughing and vomiting may also be caused by other reasons, if the symptoms continue to be unable to improve, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible, through the improvement of related examinations, diagnosis of the cause of the disease, treatment under the guidance of the doctor.