Cough and sputum with blood may be pneumonia, but in addition to pneumonia, there are many other diseases that can cause similar symptoms, such as tracheal tumors, acute tracheobronchitis, schistosomiasis and so on. Cough and sputum with blood are not uncommon symptoms in clinical practice. Although pneumonia is a common disease that causes cough and sputum with blood, it is not a specific symptom of pneumonia. In addition to pneumonia, tracheal tumors, lung tumors, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary hypertension, mitral stenosis, etc. may cause cough and sputum with blood. Pneumonia cannot be diagnosed solely on the basis of cough and bloody sputum. A comprehensive scientific examination is needed to clarify the cause and find the primary disease. Individuals with unexplained coughs and bloody sputum should seek prompt medical attention.