Epilepsy, commonly known as sheep epilepsy, is caused by a variety of etiologies and is clinically manifested as a transient dysfunction syndrome in which sudden abnormal discharges of brain cells lead to seizures and recurrent brain dysfunction. Epilepsy is very common in clinical practice, with a prevalence of about 7 per 1,000 in China, and there are nearly 10 million people with epilepsy, of which active epilepsy accounts for about 5 per 1,000. Epilepsy can have various types of manifestations, grand mal seizures are the most common, manifested as: sudden loss of consciousness, facial pallor or cyanosis, both eyes upturned, pupils dilated, teeth closed, incontinence, may have a sheep’s cry, followed by generalized tonic spasms, a few minutes of generalized convulsions and then stop naturally; there are also loss of consciousness seizures: each seizure for 2-15 seconds, not more than 1 minute, several to dozens of seizures per day, manifested as speech and activities There are also aphasic seizures: each seizure lasts for 15 seconds and lasts for more than a minute. According to a survey conducted by the World Health Organization in China, only about 2,000 patients undergo epilepsy surgery each year, while about 1.5 million patients with epilepsy require surgical treatment. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the epilepsy patient’s condition and provide appropriate surgical treatment for patients with refractory epilepsy when necessary. Xiao Ma, a 15-year-old junior high school student, had a generalized tonic spasm 3 years ago, with loss of consciousness, facial bruising, clenching of teeth, and urinary incontinence during seizures. He was diagnosed with epilepsy in the neurology department of a local hospital, and was treated with a variety of antiepileptic drugs such as “sodium valproate” and “Deltor”, but his epilepsy was not controlled. After careful analysis and discussion of the patient’s medical history, hippocampal magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 24-hour dynamic EEG monitoring and other tests, the culprit was finally discovered: the lesion was located in the deep left temporal lobe; after adequate preoperative preparation, Xiao Ma underwent minimally invasive treatment and selective epileptogenic foci were removed under the microscope. Ten days after the surgery, Xiao Ma was discharged from the hospital with complete remission of epilepsy and is now back to school. The main hazards of epilepsy are as follows: (1) damage to brain function: for each seizure, brain cells are damaged once, and with long-term recurrent seizures, patients will lose their intelligence and gradually lose their ability to work and even live. (2) Accidental casualties: Because epilepsy is regardless of time, place, environment and can not self-control sudden seizures fall to the ground, easy to fall, burns, drowning, traffic accidents. (3) Mental trauma: Because of the frequent seizures to the patient’s employment, marriage, family life are affected, so epileptic patients are depressed mental activities, physical and mental health is greatly affected. (4) Long-term antiepileptic drug treatment often results in gum thickening, hairiness, rough skin, unresponsiveness, poor mental health, impaired liver function, reduced blood white blood cells and other side effects, and even worse, affects intelligence, so it is often difficult for patients to adhere to their medication. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who have epilepsy, but there must be epileptic foci in the brain, and the repeated and intermittent discharges of epileptic foci can cause recurrent seizures. Although drug therapy can control the epileptic symptoms in some patients, the side effects of long-term antiepileptic drugs are not tolerated by some patients. In modern times, through hippocampal MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, SPECT, PET/CT, 24-hour dynamic EEG monitoring, magnetoencephalography, etc., we can pinpoint the epileptic foci. For patients who are suitable for surgical procedures, electrophysiological testing is used intraoperatively to further pinpoint the epileptic lesion, and a minimally invasive surgical approach is adopted to treat the patient according to his or her specific situation. The patient can undergo excisional surgery, functional surgery such as subchondral transection, and neuromodulation therapy such as vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain nucleus stimulation. According to the patient’s age, symptoms, disease duration, treatment, and imaging results, a reasonable treatment plan can be formulated to improve the patient’s prognosis and enable the patient to return to normal work life as soon as possible.