The prevalence of HFMD has obvious seasonality: because EV71 belongs to the intestinal virus, it is more common in summer, but in recent years, the data from the CDC around the world show that the form of HFMD incidence is different from the previous only one peak, showing two peak incidence – June and December, which is also the case on our side. In the recent period, every emergency room shift can encounter 5 to 10 children with HFMD, and there are many severe cases of combined encephalitis, so we would like to talk about the diagnosis and prevention of HFMD. First of all, HFMD is not a scary disease. Understanding the mode of transmission of HFMD is the only way to prevent and control the disease more effectively. Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by a variety of (type) enterovirus, of course, not all enterovirus will cause hand, foot and mouth disease, at present, the global reported enterovirus causing hand, foot and mouth disease has more than 20 (type), of which coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the most common, China is mainly CoxA16, EV71 rare. Hand, foot and mouth disease caused by Coxsackievirus and EV71 are indistinguishable in appearance, except that EV71 causes hand, foot and mouth disease with a greater chance of complications or serious illness than the former. Children with HFMD and asymptomatic viral carriers are the main source of infection: patients often carry large amounts of virus in their skin rashes or blister breaks, oral secretions, and feces. The infection is strongest in the first week of illness. Asymptomatic persons with the virus have a non-negligible role in outbreaks of HFMD epidemics. These individuals (after recessive or overt infection) do not show appropriate symptoms and do not attract the attention of the public or physicians, but they contain large amounts of enteroviruses that can cause HFMD and are highly susceptible to transmission to healthy susceptible populations. For example, asymptomatic adults with the virus can transmit the virus to infants and children at home. Transmission of HFMD: Direct contact transmission: The virus in feces, broken skin rashes or blisters, and in the mouth can directly contaminate the person it comes into contact with. Transmission through the digestive tract: The virus in feces, skin rashes or blisters, and the oral cavity can contaminate objects in the environment. Towels, cups, milk utensils, tableware, toys, clothing, bedding, food, and water that have been contaminated with intestinal viruses can transmit the virus by hand-to-mouth. Transmission via respiratory tract: Patients spread the virus through droplets in the air by talking loudly, coughing, sneezing, etc. When the virus reaches a high concentration in the air, it is spread to healthy susceptible persons in the same environment. Hospital cross-infection: Consultation rooms or waiting areas where HFMD patients have been admitted are prone to cross-infection among patients if ventilation is poor and public facilities cannot be disinfected in a timely manner. Infection with HFMD caused by substandard disinfection of oral instruments has also been reported. The most susceptible children are preschoolers: the immune system of preschool children (3-6 years old) is not well developed, and their resistance to pathogenic microorganisms is poorer than that of adults; nurseries, kindergartens, schools, etc. are the places where these children gather with the greatest density; and hygiene habits are still poor, and toys and supplies are often shared; in addition, the incubation period and prodromal phase of HFMD are not obvious and easily misdiagnosed; therefore, HFMD is easily In nurseries, kindergartens and schools, HFMD spreads rapidly. Preventive measures for HFMD: Avoid going to crowded public places as much as possible during the HFMD epidemic season or area. There is no specific vaccine to prevent HFMD (the domestic HFMD vaccine has completed phase III clinical work). There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses known to cause HFMD worldwide, and there is no cross-immunity between the types (if one has had HFMD, one is only immune to the type of virus one has been infected with). Isolation of the source of infection: Patients should be isolated for no less than two weeks after the onset of the disease, or one week after the disappearance of symptoms. Cut off the transmission route: “diligent ventilation, hand washing, frequent disinfection, eating cooked food, control the infection” is the key in the disease epidemic season and area. Finally, even if infected with HFMD parents should not panic, because most of them are light, as long as the general condition of the child is fine, generally about a week, but if the child appears poor spirit, drowsiness, vomiting, easy to startle, headache, high fever does not go away, and so on symptoms need to be to see a doctor.