1.Population prevention: The population prevention of this disease is mainly implemented for schistosomal cirrhosis and post-hepatitis cirrhosis, the method is the same as schistosomal liver disease and liver cirrhosis. 2, personal prevention (1) primary prevention: ① Prevention and control of viral hepatitis. ② Prevention and control of schistosomiasis liver disease. ③Treatment of early cirrhosis. (2) Secondary prevention: The early stage of this disease can be asymptomatic, and once symptoms appear they are often more dangerous, so it is necessary to follow up patients with post-hepatitis cirrhosis and schistosomiasis cirrhosis regularly in combination with health checkups for early detection and early treatment. As a result of portal hypertension of whatever etiology, hemorrhage from ruptured esophageal varices is the most common cause of death. Prevention and treatment of ruptured esophageal variceal hemorrhage has become the main goal in the treatment of portal hypertension. Treatment methods are divided into non-surgical and surgical treatments. ①Non-surgical treatment methods are: A. Propranolol (insulin) can reduce portal pressure and has a real preventive effect on esophageal variceal rupture, but it has no hemostatic effect on patients with bleeding. B. In recent years, it is worth exploring the treatment of portal hypertension on the basis of Chinese medicine for liver fibrosis. C. Endoscopic ligation or sclerotherapy of variceal esophageal veins. D. Take acid control agents such as cimetidine and omeprazole to reduce gastric acid secretion. E. Transjugular intrahepatic portal intravenous stent shunt (TIPS) is the latest technology in the world for treating portal hypertension in cirrhosis. It is a treatment purpose of intrahepatic portal-luminal shunt by means of interventional radiology, which is safe, effective and less damaging, and has a broad development prospect and clinical application value. The surgical treatment of portal hypertension includes bypass and dissection, both of which have their own advantages. It is generally believed that bypass surgery is effective in reducing portal pressure and has a low rate of bleeding from ruptured esophageal veins, but the operation is complicated and prone to hepatic encephalopathy. Dissection is easy to perform and has a low incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, but has a high rate of ruptured esophageal vein bleeding in the long term. In recent years, both types of methods have been improved to improve the efficacy, and methods such as restrictive portal shunt, selective portal shunt and complete peripancreatic vascular dissection have been proposed. Worldwide, Europe and the United States tend to perform shunts, while China and Japan tend to perform dissection, which may be related to the different etiology of portal hypertension in the two regions. In addition to considering the above treatment options, patients with portal hypertension with esophageal varices should pay attention to the prevention of bleeding inducing factors in general. For example, abstain from eating foods with bone spurs or hard foods, and pay attention to laxation to prevent the abdominal pressure from being raised by straining during stooling. (3) Tertiary prevention: Tertiary prevention of portal hypertension is aimed at ruptured esophageal varices bleeding, intractable ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. Non-surgical and surgical therapies are available for ruptured esophageal vein bleeding. Non-surgical therapies include triple-lumen tube balloon compression, endoscopic hemostasis, local instillation of hemostatic agents, and intravenous posterior pituitary hormone. In recent years, significant efficacy has been reported in the treatment of ruptured esophageal variceal bleeding with growth inhibitor octreotide – octreotide. Surgical treatment is the same as described above, and emergency resuscitation with flow dissection is appropriate. The most effective surgical measure for intractable ascites is abdominal vena cava diversion. Hepatic encephalopathy focuses on prevention, and its common triggers include upper gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, application of strong diuretics, massive discharge of ascites, hypokalemia, abuse of sedative drugs, uremia, etc. Avoiding the above triggers can reduce the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.