In critically ill patients, especially when combined with respiratory failure, it is important to keep the airway open and ensure that the airway is free of foreign bodies and blockage of secretions. The patient’s head should be tilted to the side, and the secretions and food residues in the mouth should be removed to ensure that the sputum can be discharged effectively. Assist the patient in turning and patting the back. If the sputum is sticky and not easy to cough up, nebulized inhalation can be used to assist in sputum discharge so that the secretions in the airway can be expelled effectively. If bronchospasm causes wheezing and dyspnea, bronchodilators, expectorant drugs, glucocorticoids and other drugs can be given to relieve spasm and expectoration. For those who do not have good effect or have impaired consciousness, tracheal intubation or tracheotomy can be performed in time to humidify the airway and aspirate sputum. The above measures can effectively keep the airway unobstructed and provide the next step of disease treatment.