The portal vein of the liver mainly collects blood from the superior mesenteric vein, as well as blood from the splenic vein and some of the short gastric vessels, which generally supply the liver with nutrients. Normal portal vein pressure is within the normal range and its width is also within the normal range, and patients usually do not show other symptoms. However, in patients with hepatitis, cirrhosis or cirrhosis caused by other diseases, they will show portal hypertension and widening of the portal vein. In such cases, the patient needs to further investigate the cause of the cirrhosis. Whether the patient is suffering from viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or other liver diseases that cause cirrhosis. After cirrhosis, the patient will have increased portal vein pressure and widened portal vein, which will further cause fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, enlargement of the spleen, and decrease in white blood cells and platelets after hypersplenism. In addition, some patients may exhibit varices in the esophageal veins of the fundus of the stomach, which may cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding when the varices rupture. In such cases, if viral hepatitis is the cause, the patient needs to be actively investigated for viral replication. If the virus is replicating, combined with elevated ghrelin and glutamic aminotransferase, antiviral therapy should be actively considered. For patients who have developed hypersplenism and esophageal varices in the fundus of the stomach, a hilar dissection is necessary.