The principle of rehydration for fasting patients can be briefly summarized as maintaining the balance of in and out volume, providing enough energy, replacing potassium when there is urine, and replacing what is lacking.
Since fasting patients cannot take in food and water through the digestive tract, they need to rely on intravenous replenishment of energy and electrolytes.
The amount of rehydration fluid needs to be calculated according to the patient’s body weight, and the normal daily requirement is about 48ml/kg, which is around 2500~3000ml. In addition, when the patient’s body temperature rises, it is necessary to additionally increase the amount of rehydration fluid, when the body temperature is greater than 37 degrees Celsius, for every 1 degree Celsius rise, it is necessary to replenish an additional 3 to 5 ml/kg.
In addition, it is also necessary to add the drainage of various drains. All add up to the total amount of fluid to be replaced in a day and adjusted for 24-hour output.
The types of fluids to be replenished include glucose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, fat milk and so on, to ensure the normal physiological requirements of various substances, and at the same time, according to the results of laboratory tests, to adjust the dosage of electrolytes, following the principle of what is lacking, how much is lacking, and how much is lacking. Special attention should be paid to the supplementation of potassium chloride, which must be used only when the patient has urine.
Also need to ensure adequate energy supply, fasting greater than three days, but also need to supplement additional fat milk.
The principle of rehydration for fasting water patients is more, and there are many precautions, which need to be formulated by professional doctors according to the condition of the rehydration program, and must not be handled blindly by themselves.