When someone in the family has tuberculosis, families with babies in the family panic. However, nowadays, there is no need to panic because infant TB can be cured by drugs. It is common knowledge that it is easy to confirm whether or not a baby is infected with tuberculosis after injection because of the convenience of the tuberculosis vaccine. However, this is not necessarily true for babies born one or two months after birth, because the tuberculin test does not show positive immediately from the second day of infection, but only after half a month or a month. Thus, a baby who has been infected with tuberculosis for about half a month after returning from the maternity home may not show a positive tuberculin test until about 40 days after birth. Just because the tuberculin test is negative, it does not mean that the baby is not infected with tuberculosis. Of course, if the tuberculin test is positive after 1 month, it should not be considered too late to treat the infant as a patient infected with tuberculosis, even if the result is positive. However, there is a risk of aggravation of the disease when a large number of bacterial infections occur during the 1 month waiting period. If the infection is mild, treatment can wait until the tuberculin reaction shows a positive result. When the infection is very severe, it is safe to start treatment without waiting until the tuberculin test shows a positive result. As for treatment, there is no need to worry about side effects since you are only taking Remifentan. After 1 month of treatment, if the tuberculin test is negative every time you have a tuberculin test, you have been spared from the infection (at this point, Remifentan is no longer useful), so you can stop treatment. If the tuberculin test is positive, treatment should be continued. How can we tell the severity of the infection in an infant? This can only be based on speculation, there is no other way. If a person with a frequent cough, a cavity, or a large amount of tuberculosis in the sputum often holds the infant, it can be assumed that the infant has a serious infection. In spite of having tuberculosis, a person who is less sick and whose sputum does not easily contain tuberculosis bacilli can be considered less infected when he or she occasionally comes into contact with the infant. When someone in the family has tuberculosis, the first step is to determine the severity of the disease. Taking an X-ray film and being able to clearly see the shadow of a cavity indicates that the tuberculosis bacteria have spread (if the bacteria can be found immediately when the sputum is examined, the possibility of infection is confirmed). When a cavity is found on the mother or grandmother who has been caring for the infant from the beginning, the infant is considered to have a serious infection. If the infant tests positive for tuberculin, the infant should be put on Remifentan immediately. If streptomycin is administered, it is contraindicated because of the toxic reaction that causes deafness in infants. Even if the infant tests negative for tuberculin, if the mother or grandmother who regularly holds the infant has a cavity, it is assumed that the tuberculosis bacilli have entered the infant and are active, and treatment should be started. If the grandfather or father who holds the baby less often than the grandmother or mother has a cavity, the baby may be considered to have a serious infection if he or she is always coughing. If it is unclear whether an infection has occurred because the infant has barely been heard to cough, treatment may be initiated after 1 month when a positive tuberculin test is determined. In the case of a lesion without a cavity on X-ray, regardless of the patient, do not give treatment to the infant until the infant has a positive tuberculin reaction. Recently, due to the possibility of natural infection (when an infant who has not been vaccinated with BCG has a positive tuberculin test), it is safe to give Remifentan for prevention, regardless of the onset of the disease. The above is about the care of infants, but what should be done for the main patient? Of course, a doctor will treat a patient with tuberculosis when he or she finds out that he or she is a tuberculosis patient. What we are talking about here is the most appropriate way to deal with a TB patient in the family from the perspective of protecting the infant. If a patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis, but there is no cavity, the germs are not easily visible in the sputum, and there is no cough, there is no great risk to the infant if he or she is treated. If the father or grandfather or grandmother has a mild form of tuberculosis, they can live together as usual. It is only necessary to do a TB test on the baby every month to see if it turns out to be positive. When the mother has mild TB or extrapulmonary TB, care should be taken not to overexert herself. Diaper washing can be delegated to someone else or find someone to share part of the household chores on her behalf. When breastfeeding, you can gradually switch to milk to reduce the nutritional consumption of the mother. It’s not good once the bacteria are excreted, so wear a mask when coughing and otherwise continue as usual. In the first month or two, the mother will not overexert her body because the baby is still sleeping a lot. If the mother has a cavity and is excreting bacteria, she should not raise the baby until she stops excreting bacteria. If the mother goes to a sanatorium and the father has difficulty in taking care of her, she should be admitted to a sanatorium for the mother and child. If the infant is also infected with tuberculosis, hospitalization together will allow the infant to continue to receive treatment. The father, grandfather and grandmother are not allowed to live with the infant if they have tuberculosis, have a cavity and are excreting bacteria. If the infant’s brother or sister has tuberculosis, it is sufficient to treat only the brother or sister. Because pediatric tuberculosis, unlike adult tuberculosis, does not have a cavity and is not contagious. To be cautious, the infant should be given a tuberculin test twice every 1 month. Since TB in children is usually contracted from adult TB, the whole family should be X-rayed. When you know that your neighbor’s sister-in-law, who often visits your home, has tuberculosis, you should do a tuberculin test on your baby and leave it alone if it is negative, but check again after a month. If the test is positive, medication should be administered. If a neighbor has a male patient, the infant will not be infected by the hostess who is infected with the disease.